Преимущество счастья. 7 принципов успеха по результатам исследований компаний из списка Fortune Ачор Шон
20. Kopelman S., Rosette A.S., Thompson L. The three faces of Eve: Strategic displays of positive, negative and neutral emotions in negotiations // Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , № 99, 2006, pp.81–101
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22. Fredrickson B.L., Mancuso R.A., Branigan C., Tugade M.M. The undoing effect of positive emotions // Motivation and Emotion , № 24, 2000, pp.237–258
23. Fredrickson B.L. The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions // American Psychologist , № 56, 2001, pp.218–226 – p.222
24. Lyubomirsky S., Sheldon K., Schade D. Pursuing happiness: the architecture of sustainable change // Review of General Psychology , № 9, 2005, pp.111–131
25. Winter A. The science of happiness // The Sun Magazine , May 2009
26. Lyubomirsky S. The How of Happiness – New York: Penguin, 2007, p.70
27. Shapiro S.L., Schwartz G.E.R., Santerre C. Meditation and positive psychology // Snyder C.R., Lopez S.J. (Eds.) Handbook of Positive Psychology – New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp.632–645
28. От одного только предвкушения радостного смеха уровень эндорфинов повышается на 27 %, а уровень ГРЧ (гормона роста) – на 87 %. По данным Американского психологического общества // Источник: www.physorg.com/news63293074.html
29. Post S.G. Altruism, happiness and health: It’s good to be good // International Journal of Behavioral Medicine , № 12, 2005, pp.66–77; Schwartz et al. Altruistic social interest behaviors are associated with better mental health // Psychosomatic Medicine , № 65, 2003, pp.778–785
30. Lyubomirsky S. The How of Happiness . New York: Penguin, 2007, pp.127–129
31. Keller M.C., Fredrickson B.L. et al. A warm heart and a clear head: The contingent effects of mood and weather on cognition // Psychological Science , № 16, 2005, pp.724–731
32. Gerber G.L., Gross et al. The «main-streaming» of America: Violence profile № 11 // Journal of Communication , № 30, 10–29. Цит. по: Fredrickson B. Positivity – New York: Crown Publishers, 2009, p.173
33. Babyak M., Blumenthal J., Herman S., Khatri P., Doraiswamy P., Moore K., Craighead W., Baldewicz T., Krishman K. Exercise treatment for major depression: Maintenance of therapeutic benefit at ten months // Psychosomatic Medicine , № 62, 2000, pp.633–638
34. Frank R.H. Luxury Fever – New York: Princeton University Press, 2000
35. Landau E. Study: Experiences make us happier than possessions // CNN.com, February 10, 2009. Источник: www.cnn.com. Более глубокое обсуждение психологических преимуществ ощущений над материальными благами можно найти в статье: Van Boven L., Gilovich T. To do or to have? That is the question // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , № 85(6), 2003, pp.1193–1202
36. Dunn E., Aknin L.B., Norton M.I. Spending money on others promotes happiness // Science , № 319, 2008, pp.1677–1688
37. См. онлайн-анкету для выявления сильных сторон личности VIA Signature Strengths Assessment на сайте Пенсильванского университета www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu/testcenter.aspx
38. Seligman M.E.P., Steen T.A., Park N., Peterson C. Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions // American Psychologist , № 60, 2005, pp.410–421
39. Loehr J., Schwartz T. The Power of Full Engagement: Managing Energy, Not Time, Is the Key to Performance and Personal Renewal – New Yoork: Free Press, p.65
40. Connelly J. All together now // Gallup Management Journal , № 2, 2002, pp.12–18
41. Greenberg M.H., Arakawa D. Optimistic managers and their influence on productivity and employee engagement in a technology organization (2006). Цит. по: Robinson J. The Business of positive leadership // Gallup Management Journal, May 10, 2007
42. Дополнительную информацию о том, что нас больше всего мотивирует, см. в книге Deci E.L. Why We Do What We Do – New York: Penguin, 1996
43. Kjerulf A. Happy Hour is 9 to 5 – Lulu Publishing, 2006
44. Conley J. Peak: How Great Companies Get Their Mojo From Maslow – New York: Jossey-Bass, 2007
45. Barsade S.G. The ripple effect: Emotional contagion and its influence on group behavior // Administrative Science Quarterly , № 47, 2002, pp.644–675
46. Bachman W. Nice guys finish first: A SYMLOG analysis of U.S. Naval Commands // Polley R.B. et al (Eds.) The SYMLOG Practitioner: Applications of Small Group Research – New York: Praeger, 1988. Цит. по: Goleman D. Working with Emotional Intelligence – New York: Bantam, 1998, p.188
47. Losada M. The complex dynamics of high performance teams // Mathematical and Computer Modeling , № 30, 1999, pp.179–192; Losada M., Heaphy E. The role of positivity and connectivity in the performance of business teams: A nonlinear dynamics model // American Behavioral Scientist , № 47 (6), 2004, pp.740–765; Fredrickson B.L., Losada M. Positive affect and the complex dynamics of human flourishing // American Psychologist , № 60 (7), 2005, pp.678–686. Более подробную информацию об интереснейших исследованиях М.Лосады и его сотрудничестве с Барбарой Фредриксон см. в книге Fredrickson B. Positivity – New York: Crown Publishers, 2009, pp. 120–138
48. Losada M. Work teams and the Losada Line: New results // Positive Psychology News Daily, December 9, 2008. Источник: http://positivepsychologynews.com/news/guest-author/200812091298Принцип 2. Точка опоры и рычаг
1. Langer E. Counterclockwise: Mindful Health and the Power of Possibility – New York: Ballantine, 2009
2. Blakesle S. Placebos prove so powerful even experts are surprised // New York Times , October 13, 1998
3. Там же
4. Там же
5. Crum A.J. and Langer E.J. Mindset matters: Exercise and the placebo effect // Psychological Science , № 18(2), 2007, pp.165–171
6. Saks A.M. Longitudinal filed investigation of the moderating and mediating effects of self-efficacy on the relationship between training and newcomer adjustment // Journal of Applied Psychology , № 80(2), 1995, pp.211–225
7. Shih M., Pittinsky T., Ambady N. Stereotype susceptibility: Identity salience and shifts in quantitative performance // Psychological Science , № 10, pp.80–83
8. Dillon S. Study sees an Obama effect as lifting black test-takers // New York Times , January 22, 2009
9. Dweck C.S. Mindset: The New Psychology of Success – New York: Ballantine, 2006, p.7
10. Blackwell L.S., Trzesniewski K.H., Dweck C.S. Implicit theories of intelligence predict achievement across an adolescent transition: A longitudinal study and an intervention // Child Development , № 78(1), 2007, pp.246–263
11. Dweck C.S. Mindset: The New Psychology of Success – New York: Ballantine, 2006, p. 17
12. Lyubomirsky S., Sheldon K., Schade D. Pursuing happiness: the architecture of sustainable change // Review of General Psychology , № 9, 2005, pp. 111–131
13. Lyubomirsky S. The How of Happiness – New York: Penguin, 2007, p.15
14. Wrzesniewski A., McCauley C., Rozin P., Schwartz B. Jobs, careers, and callings: People’s relations to their work // Journal of Research in Personality , № 31, 1997, pp. 21–33
15. Дополнительную информацию о создании работы можно найти в статье: Wrzesniewski A., Dutton J. Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work // Academy of Management Review , № 26(2), 2001, pp.179–201
16. Wrzesniewski A. Finding positive meaning in work // Cameron K.S., Dutton J.E., Quinn R.E. (Eds.) Positive Organizational Scholarship: Foundation of a New Discipline – San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2003, pp.296–308 – p.304
17. Conley J. Peak: How Great Companies Get Their Mojo From Maslow – New York: Jossey-Bass, 2007, p.98
18. Haslam S.A., Salvatore J., Kessler T., Reicher S.D. How stereotyping yourself contributes to your success (or failure) // Scientific American Mind , March 4, 2008
19. Liberman V., Samuels S.M., Ross L. The name of the game: Predictive power of reputations versus situational labels in determining prisoners’ dilemma game moves // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , № 30, 2004, pp.1175–1185
20. Rosenthal R., Jacobson L. Pygmalion in the Classroom: Teacher Expectation and Pupils’ Intellectual Development – New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1968Принцип 3. Эффект «Тетриса»
1. Stickgold R., Malia A., Maguire D., Roddenberry D., O’Connor M. Replaying the game: Hypnagogic is in normals and amnesics // Science , № 290, 2000, pp.350–353
2. Earling A. The Tetris effect: Do computer games fry your brain? // Philadelphia City Paper , March 21–18, 1996
3. Eaton W.W., Anthony J., Mandel W., Garrison R. Occupations and the prevalence of major depressive disorder // Journal of Occupational Medicine, № 32, 1990, pp.1079–1087
4. Benjamin G.A.H., Kaszniak A., Sales B., Shanfield S.B. The role of legal education in producing psychological distress among law students and lawyers // American Bar Foundation Research Journal, 1986, pp.225–252. Полный обзор литературы по теме депрессивных расстройств у студентов-юристов можно найти в статье: Peterson T.D., Peterson E.W. // Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law and Ethics , № 9, 2009, pp.357–434
5. Peterson T.D., Peterson E.W. // Yale Journal of Health Policy, Law, and Ethics , № 9, 2009, pp.357–434
6. Более глубокое обсуждение научной основы внимания можно найти в книге Gallagher W. Rapt: Attention and the Focused Life – New York: Penguin, 2009
7. Simons D.J., Chabris C.F. Gorillas in our midst: Sustained inattentional blindness for dynamic events // Perception , № 28, 1999, pp.1059–1074
8. Склонности человека к «слепоте невнимания» посвящено множество исследований. Вот одно из них: Simons D.J., Levin D.T. Failure to detect changes to people in a real-world interaction // Psychonomic Bulletin and Review , № 5, 1998, pp.644–649
9. Massad C.M., Hubbard M., Newston D. Selective perception of events // Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , № 15(6), 1979, pp.513–532
10. Halberstadt J., Winkielman P., Niedenthal P.M., Dalle N. Emotional conception: How embodied emotion concepts guide perception and facial action // Psychological Science , № 20, 2009, pp.1254–1261
11. Emmons R.A. Thanks! Now the New Science of Gratitude Can Make You Happier – New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2007
12. Списки источников, входящих в обширный корпус научной литературы об оптимизме, можно найти в следующих публикациях: Carver C.S., Scheier M.F. Optimism // Snyder C.R., Lopez S.J. (Eds.) Handbook of Positive Psychology – New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp.632–645; Scheier M.F., Weintraub J.K., Carver C.S. Coping with stress: Divergent strategies of optimists and pessimists // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , № 51, 1986, pp.1257–1264
13. Wiseman R. The luck factor // The Skeptical Inquirer , № 27, 2003, pp.1–5
14. Bright J.E., Pryor R.G.L., Harpham L. The role of chance events in career decision making // Journal of Vocational Behavior , № 66, 2005, pp.561–576
15. Schneider L. Life decisions & career paths – Leave it all to chance? // Huffington Post , October 7, 2009. В своей статье Шнайдер цитирует Коллин Сейферт, профессора психологии Мичиганского университета и специалиста по предиктивному кодированию. Более подробно об этом феномене см.: Seifert C., Patalano A.L. Opportunism in memory: Preparing for chance encounters // Current Directions in Psychological Science , № 10, 2001, pp.198–201
16. Seligman M.E.P., Steen T.A., Park N., Peterson C. Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions // American Psychologist , № 60, 2005, pp.410–421
17. Burton C., King L. The health benefits of writing about intensely positive experiences // Journal of Research in Personality , № 38, 2004, pp.150–163
18. Taylor S.E. Positive Illusions – New York: Basic books, 1988Принцип 4. Падай и расти
1. Collins J. How the Mighty Fall – New York: HarperCollins, 2009, p.120
2. Обзор списка см. в публикации: Linley P.A., Joseph S. Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review // Journal of Traumatic Stress , № 17(1), 2004, pp.11–21. Далее в скобках перечислены авторы исследований по каждому из пунктов списка: тяжелая утрата (Davis, Nolen-Hoeksema, Larson – 1998); трансплантация костного мозга (Fromm, Andrykowsky, Hunt – 1996); рак молочной железы (Cordova, Cunningham, Carlson, Andrykowsky – 2001; Weiss – 2002); хронические заболевания (Abraido-Lanza, Guier, Colon – 1998); сердечный приступ (Affleck, Tennen, Croog, Levine – 1987); военные действия (Fontana, Rosenheck – 1998; Schnurr, Rosenberg, Friedman – 1993); стихийное бедствие (McMillen, Smith, Fisher – 1997); физическое нападение (Snape – 1997); вынужденное переселение из-за войны (Powell, Rosner, Butollo, Tedeschi, Calhoun – 2003).
3. Tedeschi R.G., Calhoun L.G., Cann A. Evaluating resource gain: Understanding and misunderstanding posttraumatic growth // Applied Psychology: An International Review , № 56 (3), 2007, pp.396–406 – p. 396
4. Val E.B., Linley P.A. Posttraumatic growth, positive changes and negative changes in Madrid residents following the March, 11, 2004, Madrid train bombings // Journal of Loss and Trauma , № 11, 2006, pp.409–424
5. Weiss T. Posttraumatic growth in women with breast cancer and their husbands: An intersubjective validation study // Journal of Psychosocial Oncology , № 20, 2002, pp.65–80
6. Linley P.A., Joseph S. Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review // Journal of Traumatic Stress , № 17(1), 2004, pp.11–21
7. Val E.B., Linley P.A. Posttraumatic growth, positive changes and negative changes in Madrid residents following the March, 11, 2004, Madrid train bombings // Journal of Loss and Trauma , № 11, 2006, pp.409–424 – p.410
8. Walsh F. Bouncing forward: Resilence in the aftermath of September 11 // Family Processes , № 41, 2002, pp.34–36 – p.35
9. McGregor J. How failure breeds success // Business Week , July 10, 2006. Выбранный мною подзаголовок «Эврика, все пропало!» – цитата из указанного выпуска BusinessWeek. Этот заголовок был опубликован на обложке журнала.
10. Schoemaker P.J.H., Gunther R.E. Wisdom of deliberate mistakes // Harward Business Review , June 2006
11. Ben-Shahar T. The Pursuit of Perfect – New York: McGraw-Hill, p.22
12. Lorenzet S.J., Salas E., Tannenbaum S.I. Benefiting from mistakes: The impact of guided errors on learning, performance, and self-efficacy // Human Resource Development Quaterly , № 16, 2005, pp.301–322
13. Seligman M.E.P. Learned Optimism – New York: Knopf, 1991, pp.19–21
14. Hiroto D.S. Locus of control and learned helplessness // Journal of Experimental Psychology , № 102, 1974, pp.187–193
15. Так описал это Мартин Селигман в своей книге Learned Optimism – New York: Knopf, 1991, p.29
16. Dickler J. Wall St.casualties: Where are they now? // CNN, October 9, 2009; www.cnn.com
17. Recession Benefits // Time Magazine , June 9, 1958
18. Там же
19. Chakravorti B. How to innovate in a downturn // The Wall Street Journal , March 18, 2009
20. Ричард Вайзман – вероятно, самый активный сторонник данной стратегии – он называет ее «контрфактическим мышлением». Более подробную информацию об этой стратегии и способах ее применения см. в его книге: Wiseman R. The Luck Factor – New York: Miramax, 2003
21. Stefanucci J.K., Proffitt D.R., Clore G.L., Parekh N. Skating down a steeper slope: Fear influences the perception of geographical slant // Perception , № 37, 2008, pp.321–323
22. Вся история с компанией MetLife подробно описана в книге Мартина Селигмана Learned Optimism – New York: Knopf, 1991, pp.97–106
23. См., например: Peterson C., Barrett L.C. Explanatory style and academic performance among university freshmen // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , № 53, 1987, pp.603–607; Nolen-Hoeksema S., Girgus J., Seligman M.E.P. Learned helplessness in children: A longitudinal study of depression, achievement, and explanatory style // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , № 51, 1986, pp.435–442; Seligman M.E.P., Schulman P. Explanatory style as a predictor of productivity and quitting among life insurance sales agents // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , № 50, 1986, pp.832–838
24. Seligman M.E.P. Learned Optimism – New York: Knopf, 1991, pp. 152–153
25. Seligman M.E.P, Nolen-Hoeksema S., Thornton N., Thornton K.M. Explanatory style as a mechanism of disappointing athletic performance // Psychological Science , № 1, 1990, pp.143–146. Более подробно о влиянии объяснительного стиля на спортивные результаты см.: Seligman M.E.P. Learned Optimism , pp. 155–166
26. Scheier M.F. et al. Dispositional optimism and recovery from coronary artery bypass surgery: The beneficial effects on physical and psychological well-being // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , № 57, 1989, pp.1024–1040
27. Модель ABCD имеет долгую и насыщенную историю. Впервые она была упомянута Альбертом Эллиосом, отцом-основателем когнитивной терапии; затем подхвачена Мартином Селигманом (см. его книги Learned Optimism и Authentic Happiness ). Кроме того, эту модель активно использовали Карен Рейвич и Эндрю Шатте в своей замечательной книге «Фактор устойчивости» ( The Resilience Factor ).
28. Diener E., Lucas R.E., Scollon C.N. Beyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being // American Psychologist , № 61, 2006, pp.305–314
29. Gilbert D.T., Wilson T.D., Pinel E.C., Blumberg S.J., Wheatley T.P. Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , № 75(3), 1998, pp.617–638Принцип 5. Круг Зорро
1. См. например: Sparr J.L., Sonnetag S. Feedback environment and well-being at work: The mediating role of personal control and feelings of helplessness // European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology , № 17(3), 2008, pp.388–412; Spector P. Employee control and occupational stress // Current Directions in Psychological Science , № 11(4), 2002
2. Thompson C.A., Prottas D.J. Relationships among organizational family support, job autonomy, perceived control, and employee well-being // Journal of Occupational Health Psychology , № 10(4), 2005, pp.100–118
3. Для ознакомления с исследованиями о значении контроля см., например: Findley M.J., Cooper H.M. Locus of control and academic achievement: A literature review // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, № 44(2), 1983, pp.419–427; Shepherd S., Fitch T.J., Owen D., Marshall J.L Locus of Control and Academic Achievement in High School Students // Psychological Reports , № 98(2), 2006, pp.318–322; Carden R., Bryan C., Moss R. Locus of Control, Test Anxiety, Academic Procrastination, and Achievement Among College Students // Psychological Reports, № 95 (2), 2004, pp.581–582; Ng T.W.H. Locus of control at work: A meta-analysis // Journal of Organizational Behavior , № 27(8), 2006, pp.1057–1087; Spector P.E. at al. Locus of control and well-being at work: How generalizable are Western findings? // Academy of Management Journal , № 45(2), 2002, pp.453–466; Lefcourt H.M., Holmes J.G., Ware E.E., Saleh W.E. Marital locus of control and marital problem solving // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, № 51(1), 1986, pp.161–169; Lefcourt H.M., Martin R.A., Fick C.M., Saleh W.E. Locus of control for affiliation and behavior in social interactions // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, № 48(3), 1985, pp.755–759
4. Syme L., Balfour J. Explaining inequalities in coronary heart disease // The Lancet , № 350, 1997, pp.231–232
5. Rodin J., Lager E.J. Long-term effects of a control-relevant intervention with the institutionalized aged // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, № 35(12), 1977, pp.897–902
6. Goleman D. Working with Emotional Intelligence – New York: Bantam, 1998, p.77
7. Там же, c.75
8. Lusch R.F., Serpkenci R. Personal differences, job tension, job outcomes, and store performance: A study of retail managers // Journal of Marketing , № 54, 1990, pp.85–101
9. Zweig J. Your Money and Your Brain: How the New Science of Neuroeconomics Can Help Make You Rich – New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007
10. См., например: Kahneman D., Tversky A. Prospect theory: An analysis of decisions under risk // Econometrica, № 57, 1979, pp.313–327; Kahneman D., Tversky A. Choices, values and frames // American Psychologist , № 39, 1984, pp.341–350
11. Cassidy J. Mind games // The New Yorker , September 18, 2006; Cohen J.D. The vulcanization of the human brain: A neural perspective on interactions between Cognition and Emotion // Journal of Economic Perspectives , № 19(4), 2005, pp.3–24
12. Zweig J. Your Money and Your Brain: How the New Science of Neuroeconomics Can Help Make You Rich – New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007, p. 3
13. Там же, c.172
14. См., например: Locke E.A. Setting goals for life and happiness // Snyder C.R., Lopez S.J. (Eds.) Handbook of Positive Psychology – New York: Oxford University Press, 2002, pp.299–312
15. Bregman P. How to escape perfectionism // How We Work Blog , September 1, 2009, источник: www.HarwardBusiness.org
16. Coyle D. The Talent Code – New York: Bantam Books, 2009, p.211
17. Gladwell M. The Tipping Point – New York: Little, Brown and Company, 2000, pp.139–146Принцип 6. Правило 20 секунд
1. Kalb C. Drop that corn dog, doctor // Newsweek , October 13, 2008
2. Parker-Pope T. Will your resolutions last until February? // New York Times , цитируется исследование Ф.Кови, в котором принимали участие 15 тысяч человек
3. James W. Talks To Teachers On Psychology and To Students On Some of Life’s Ideals (1899) – Harward University Press, 1983, p.48
4. James W Psychology: Briefer Course (1892) – Harward University Press, 1984, p.133
5. Там же, с. 136
6. Хотя и бытует мнение о том, что на образование привычки уходит от 21 до 30 дней, эмпирически эта тема исследована недостаточно. По всей видимости, фактическая протяженность временного периода зависит как от конкретного человека, так и от характера действия. Недавно Филлипа Лэлли и ее коллеги из Унверситетского колледжа Лондона провели исследование, в ходе которого было установлено, что среднее количество дней, потребовавшееся каждому из 96 волонтеров на превращение какого-либо действия (например, ежеутренней 15-минутной пробежки) в привычку, составляет 66 дней. Однако разброс индивидуальных сроков был очень велик – от 18 до 254 дней. Новые обнадеживающие данные заключаются в том, что пропуск одного дня не подрывает процесс постепенного образования привычки. Это должно придать нам решимости не бросать начатого в случае небольшого срыва. Lally P., van Jaarsveld C.H.M., Potts H.W.W., Wardle J. How are habits formed: Modeling habit formation in the real world // European Journal of Social Psychology (в печати)7. «По данным Национального реестра контроля веса, только 20 процентов людей, садящихся на диету, смогут сохранить достигнутый вес в течение более чем одного года». Ansel K., Is your diet making you gain? // Источник: www.health.msn.com, 2009
8. Baumeister R.F., Bratslavsky E., Muraven M., Tice D.M. Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? // Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, № 74(5), 1998, pp.1252—1265
9. См. например: Baumeister R.F, Vohs K.D., Tice D.M. The strength model of self-control // Current Directions in Psychological Science , № 16(6), 2007, pp.351–355; Gailliot M., Plang E., Butz D., Baumeister R.F Increasing self-regulatory strength can reduce the depleting effect of suppressing stereotypes // Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , № 33, 2007, pp.281–294. Хотя самоконтроль «изнашивается» при многократном использовании, но, к счастью, его, словно мышцу, можно натренировать и укрепить с течением времени. Так, сила воли не помогает удержаться на диете, особенно если в этот день мы уже выполняли действия, истощающие самоконтроль; тем не менее регулярное и долговременное выполнение задач, требующих саморегуляции (например, участие в двухмесячной программе тренировок), все-таки укрепляет нашу способность к самоконтролю. См. Oaten M., Cheng K. Longitudinal gains in self-regulation from regular physical exercise // The British Psychological Society , № 11, 2006, pp.717–733; Oaten M., Cheng K Improvements in self-control from financial monitoring // Journal of Economic Psychology , № 28, 2007, pp.487–501
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12. Там же, с. 67
13. Lindstrom M. Buyology – New York: Broadway Business, 2008, p.99
14. Дополнительную информацию о других интереснейших исследованиях, подобных этому, можно найти в книге: Thaler R.H., Sunstein C. Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness – New York: Penguin, 2008
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34. Там же
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43. В своей книге «В хорошей компании» ( In Good Company ) Коэн и Прусак рассказывают о том, как лидеры могли бы инвестировать в «пространство и время для образования социальных связей». См. сс. 81–101
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