Ìèêðîáû õîðîøèå è ïëîõèå. Íàøå çäîðîâüå è âûæèâàíèå â ìèðå áàêòåðèé Ñàêñ Äæåññèêà

71 Jack Lucentini, “Antibiotic Arms Race Heats Up”, Scientist, September 8, 2003, 29.

72 Gabriel Perron, Michael Zasloff, Graham Bell, “Experimental Evolution of Resistance to an Antimicrobial Peptide”, Proceedings of the Royal Society B 273 (2006), 251–256.

73 Charlotte Schubert, “Microbes Overcome Natural Antibiotic”, [email protected], November 2, 2005, www.nature.com/news/20 05 / 051031 / full / news051031-5.html.

74 Rubhana Raqib et al., “Improved Outcome in Shigellosis Associated with Butyrate Induction of an Endogenous Peptide Antibiotic”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (2006), 9178–9183.

75 Philip Liu et al., “Toll-like Receptor Triggering of a Vitamin D-Mediated Human Antimicrobial Response”, Science 311 (2006), 1770–1773.

76 Emma Harris, “Extreme TB Strain Threatens HIV Victims Worldwide”, Nature 443 (2006), 131.

×àñòü 6. Íå óáèâàòü, à îñëàáëÿòü, îòâëåêàòü è èñïîëüçîâàòü

1 Ýïèãðàô: Theodor Rosebury, Microorganisms Indigenous to Man (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962) 352–353.

2 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Âèêòîðà Íèçå (Victor Nizet) â íîÿáðå 2006 ã.

3 Jesse Wright et al., “The Agr Radiation: An Early Event in the Evolution of Staphylococci”, Journal of Bacteriology 187 (2005), 5585–5594.

4 Jesse Wright, Rhuzong Jim, Richard Novick, “Transient Interference with Staphylococcal Quorum Sensing Blocks Abscess Formation”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102 (2005), 1691–1696.

5 K. A. Davis, “Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: A Review”, Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 21 (2006), 211–226.

6 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Ðè÷àðäà Íîâèêà â íîÿáðå 2006 ã.

7 Phillip Coburn et al., “Enterococcus faecalis Senses Target Cells and in Response Expresses Cytolysin”, Science 306 (2004), 2270–2272.

8 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòîå àâòîðîì ó Ìàéêëà Ãèëìîðà (Michael Gilmore) â íîÿáðå 2006 ã.

9 George Liu et al., “Sword and Shield: Linked Group B Streptococcal B-hemolysin/cytolysin and Carotenoid Pigment Function to Subvert

Host Phagocyte Defense”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (2004) 14491-14496.

10 Vivekanand Datta et al., “Mutational Analysis of the Group A Streptococcal Operon Encoding Streptolysin S and Its Virulence Role in Invasive Infection”, Molecular Microbiology 56 (2005), 681-95; John Buchanan et al., “Dnase Expression Allows the Pathogen Group A Streptococcus to Escape Killing in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps”, Current Biology 16 (2006), 396–400.

11 Thomas Louie et al., “Tolevamer, a Novel Nonantibiotic Polymer, Compared with Vancomycin in the Treatment of Mild to Moderately Severe Clostridium difficile-Associated Diarrhea”, Clinical Infectious Diseases 43 (2006), 411–420.

12 Ëè÷íîå ñîîáùåíèå Äýâèäà Äýâèäñîíà (David Davidson, ñòàðøèé ìåäèöèíñêèé äèðåêòîð êîðïîðàöèè Genzyme) àâòîðó â íîÿáðå 2006 ã.

13 Êðèòèêè âàêöèí, ïîäàâëÿþùèõ ïàòîãåííîñòü, ðàçðàáîòàëè ìàòåìàòè÷åñêèå ìîäåëè, óêàçûâàþùèå íà òî, ÷òî òàêèå âàêöèíû ìîãóò ïðèâåñòè äàæå ê ïîâûøåíèþ ïàòîãåííîñòè, ïðåäîòâðàùàÿ “íàêàçàíèå” ïàòîãåííûõ øòàììîâ ñìåðòüþ õîçÿåâ. Íî ðåçóëüòàòû ðåàëüíîãî ïðèìåíåíèÿ òàêèõ âàêöèí, íàïðèìåð ïðîòèâîäèôòåðèéíîé, îêàçàëèñü ïðÿìî ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûìè. Ñì.: Benoit Soubeyrand, Stanley Plotkin, “Microbial Evolution: Antitoxin Vaccines and Pathogen Virulence”, Nature 414 (2001), 751–756.

14 “Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Disease”, disease listing, National Center for Infectious Diseases /Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, October 6, 2005.

15 Moe Kyaw et al., “Effect of Introduction of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae”, New England Journal of Medicine 354 (2006), 1455–1524.

16 Henry Shinefield et al., “Use of Staphylococcus aureus Conjugate Vaccine in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis”, New England Journal of Medicine 346 (2002) 491–496.

17 Yukiko Stranger-Jones et al., “Vaccine Assembly from Surface Proteins of Staphylococcus aureusProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103 (2006), 16942-16947.

18 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Þêèêî Ñòðåéíäæåð-Äæîíñ â íîÿáðå – äåêàáðå 2006 ã.

19 D. G. Brockstedt et al., “Killed but Metabolically Active Microbes: A New Vaccine Paradigm for Eliciting Effector T-cell Responses and Protectie Immunity”, Nature Medicine 11 (2005), 853–860.

20 N. Porat et al., “Emergence of Penicillin-Nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae Clones Expressing Serotypes Not Present in the Antipneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine”, Journal of Infectious Diseases 190 (2004), 2154–2161.

21 Grace Lee et al., “Pertussis in Adolescents and Adults: Should We Vaccinate?” Pediatrics 115 (2005), 1675–1684.

22 Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (Hib) Vaccine: What You Need to Know (Atlanta: Centers for Disease Control, 2006).

23 Heikki Peltola, “Worldwide Haemophilus influenzae Type b Disease at the Beginning of the 21st Century”, Clinical Microbiology Reviews 13 (2000), 302–317.

24 Elie Metchnikoff, The Prolongation of Life (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1908).

25 Sherwood Gorbach, “The Discovery of Lactobacillus GG” Nutrition Today 31 (1996), 2S – 4S.

26 H. L. DuPont, “Prevention of Diarrhea by the Probiotic Lactobacillus GG” Journal ofPediatrics 134 (1999), 1–2; T. Arvola et al., “Prophylactic Lactobacillus GG Reduces Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Children with Respiratory Infections: A Randomized Study”, Pediatrics 104 (1999), e64; E. Hilton et al., “Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG as a Diarrheal Preventive in Travelers”, Journal of Travel Medicine 4 (1997), 41–43; J. A. Billier et al., “Treatment of Recurrent Clostridium difficile Colitis with Lactobacillus GG” Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 21 (1995), 224–226.

27 Andrew Bruce et al., “Recurrent Urethritis in Women”, Canadian Medical Association Journal 108 (1973), 973–976; Andrew Bruce et al., “The Significance of Perineal Pathogens in Women”, Journal of Urology 112 (1974), 808–810.

28 J. D. Sobel, “Is There a Protective Role for Vaginal Flora?” Current Infectious Disease Reports 1 (1999), 379–383; Marie Pirotta et al., “Effect of Lactobacillus in Preventing Post-antibiotic Vulvovaginal Candidiasis: A Randomised Controlled Trial”, British Medical Journal 329 (2004), 548–551; T. Kontiokari et al., “Randomized Trial of Cranberry-Lingonberry Juice and Lactobacillus GG Drink for the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Women”, British Medical Journal 322 (2001), 1571–1575.

29 Gregor Reid, “In Vitro Testing of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM as a Possible Probiotic for the Urogenital Tract”, International Dairy Journal 10 (2000), 415–419.

30 R. C. Chan, A. W. Bruce, G. Reid, “Adherence of Cervical, Vaginal and Distal Urethral Normal Microbial Flora to Human Uroepithelial Cells and the Inhibition of Adherence of Gram-negative Uropathogens by Competitive Exclusion”, Journal of Urology 131 (1984), 596–601; Gregor Reid, Andrew Bruce, “Selection of Lactobacillus Strains for Urogenital Probiotic Applications”, Journal of Infectious Diseases 183 (2001), S77 – S80; Gillian Gardiner et al., “Persistence of Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 but not L. rhamnosus GG in the Human Vagina as Demonstrated by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA”, Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 9 (2002), 92–96.

31 Gregor Reid et al., “Probiotic Lactobacillus Dose Required to Restore and Maintain a Normal Vaginal Flora”, FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 32 (2001), 37–41; Gardiner et al., “Persistence of Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14”.

32 Kingsley Anukam et al., “Clinical Study Comparing Probiotic Lactobacillus GR-1 and RC-14 with Metronidazole Vaginal Gel to Treat Symptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis”, Microbes and Infection 8 (2006), 2772–2776.

33 Jarrow Formulas, “Unique Probiotic Concept for Women Now Launched in USA”, ïðåññ-ðåëèç îò 4 àïðåëÿ 2006 ã.

34 Ngo Th1 Hoa et al., “Characterization of Bacillus Species Used for Oral Bacteriotherapy and Bacterioprophylaxis of Gastrointestinal Disorders”, Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66 (2000), 5241–5247; Gregor Reid, “Safe and Efficacious Probiotics: What Are They?” Trends in Microbiology 14 (2006), 348–352.

35 Kristian Roos et al., “Perianal Streptococcal Dermatitis. The Possible Protective Role of Alpha-streptococci Against Spread and Recurrence of Group A Streptococcal Throat Infection”, Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care 17 (1999), 46–48.

36 Kristian Roos et al., “Recolonization with Selected Alpha-streptococci for Prophylaxis of Recurrent Streptococcal Pharyngotonsillitis – A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Multicentre Study”, Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Disease 28 (1996), 459–462.

37 G. Falck et al., “Tolerance and Efficacy of Interfering AlphaStreptococci in Recurrence of Streptococcal Pharyngotonsillitis”, Acta Oto-Laryngologica 119 (1999), 944–948.

38 Kristian Roos et al., “Effect of Recolonisation with Interfering Alpha Streptococci on Recurrences of Acute and Secretory Otitis Media in Children: Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial”, British Medical Journal 322 (2001), 1–4.

39 Janet Raloff, “’Bug, Spray Cuts Risk of Ear Infection”, Science News, February 3, 2001; Lee Bowman, “Study Suggests Alternative to Antibiotics for Ear Infections”, Scripps Howard News Service, January 2001; Mary Ann Moon, “Microbial Nasal Spray Wards Off Recurrent Otitis”, Family Practice News, May 1, 2001; “A Nasal Spray to Prevent Otitis Media”, Hearing Journal, April 1, 2001.

40 Glenn Takata et al., “Evidence Assessment of Management of Acute Otitis Media: I. The Role of Antibiotics in Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Otitis Media”, Pediatrics 108 (2001), 239–247.

41 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Êåëëè Êàðïû – ïðîôåññîðà ôàðìàêîëîãèè èç Ìåäèöèíñêîãî êîëëåäæà Óíèâåðñèòåòà øòàòà Ïåíñèëüâàíèÿ. Åå êíèãà “Áàêòåðèè íà çàâòðàê” – Kelly Karpa, Bacteria for Breakfast (Trafford Publishing, 2006) – ðàññêàçûâàåò î òåõ ìó÷åíèÿõ, êîòîðûå åé ñàìîé ïðèøëîñü ïåðåæèòü â ïîèñêàõ ñðåäñòâ îò ïîâòîðÿâøèõñÿ ó åå øåñòèëåòíåãî ñûíà òÿæåëûõ êîëèòîâ, âûçûâàåìûõ C. difficile.

42 L. V. McFarland, “Meta-analysis of Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea and the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Disease”, American Journal of Gastroenterology 101 (2006), 812–822; Mario Guslandi, “Are Probiotics Effective for Treating Clostridium difficile Disease and Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea”, Nature Clinical Practice 3 (2006), 606–607.

43 “ViroPharma Licenses Rights to Develop Novel Therapeutic for Treatment of Clostridium difficile”, ïðåññ-ðåëèç êîìïàíèè îò 27 ôåâðàëÿ 2006 ã.

44 Ñì. ÷àñòü 4, ñòð. 108–109.

45 R. W. Steele, “Recurrent Staphylococcal Infection in Families”, Archives of Dermatology 116 (1980), 189–190.

46 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Ðè÷àðäà Õàëëà, è ïåðåïèñêà ïî ýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òå ñ ÿíâàðÿ 2005 ã. ïî íîÿáðü 2006 ã.

47 Peter Andersson et al., “Persistence of Escherichia coli Bacteriuria Is Not Determined by Bacterial Adherence”, Infection and Immunity 59 (1991), 2915–2921; Richard Hull et al., “Virulence Properties of Escherichia coli 83972, a Prototype Strain Associated with Asymptomatic Bacteriuria”, Infection and Immunity 67 (1999), 429–432.

48 Richard Hull et al., “Urinary Tract Infection Prophylaxis Using Escherichia coli 83972 in Spinal Cord Injured Patients”, Journal of Urology 163 (2000), 872–877; Rabih Darouiche et al., “Pilot Trial of Bacterial Interference for Preventing Urinary Tract Infection”, Urology 58 (2001), 339–344.

49 B. W. Trautner et al., “Escherichia coli 83972 Inhibits Catheter Adherence by a Broad Spectrum of Uropathogens”, Urology 61 (2005), 1059–1062; Rabih Darouiche et al., “Bacterial Interference for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection: A Prospective, Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Pilot Trial”, Clinical Infectious Diseases 41 (2005), 1531–1534. Áîëåå ìàñøòàáíîå è ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîå èñïûòàíèå äîëæíî çàâåðøèòüñÿ â 2008 ã.

50 Hull et al., “Virulence Properties of Escherichia coli 83972”; Richard Hull et al., “Role of Type 1 Fimbria- and P Fimbria-Specific Adherence in Colonization of the Neurogenic Human Bladder by Escherichia coli”, Infection and Immunity 70 (2002), 6481–6484.

51 Jeffrey Hillman, “Lactate Dehydrogenase Mutants of Streptococcus mutans: Isolation and Preliminary Characterization”, Infection and Immunity 21 (1978), 206–212.

52 R. J. Berkowitz, P. Jones, “Mouth-to-Mouth Transmission of the Bacterium Streptococcus mutans Between Mother and Child”, Archives of Oral Biology 30 (1985), 377–379.

53 Jeffrey Hillman et al., “Isolation of a Streptococcus mutans Strain Producing a Novel Bacteriocin”, Infection and Immunity 44 (1984), 141–144.

54 Jeffrey Hillman et al., “Colonization of the Human Oral Cavity by a Strain of Streptococcus mutans Mutant Producing Increased Bacteriocin”, Journal of Dental Research 66 (1987), 1092–1094.

55 Jeffrey Hillman et al., “Construction and Characterization of an Effector Strain of Streptococcus mutans for Replacement Therapy of Dental Caries”, Infection and Immunity 68 (2000), 543–549.

56 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòîå àâòîðîì ó Ìàéêåëà Ïåïïåëåíáîñà (Maikel Peppelenbosch) 1 ôåâðàëÿ 2007 ã.

57 Lothar Steidler et al., “Treatment of Murine Colitis by Eactococcus lactis Secreting Interleukin-10”, Science 5483 (2000), 1352–1355.

58 H enri Braat et al., “A Phase I Trial with Transgenic Bacteria Expressing Interleukin-10 in Crohn’s Disease”, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4 (2006), 754–759.

59 Janice Liu et al., “Activity of HIV Entry and Fusion Inhibitors Expressed by the Human Vaginal Colonizing Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri PC-14”, Cellular Microbiology 9 (2007’), 120–130.

60 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Ïèòåðà Ëè (Peter Lee), è ïåðåïèñêà ïî ýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òå ñ ÿíâàðÿ 2005 ã. ïî äåêàáðü 2006 ã.

61 N. Sewankambo et al., “HIV-1 Infection Associated with Abnormal Vaginal Flora Morphology and Bacterial Vaginosis”, Lancet 350 (1997), 546–550; H. L. Martin et al., “Vaginal Lactobacilli, Microbial Flora, and the Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Sexually Transmitted Disease Acquisition”, Journal of Infectious Diseases 180 (1999), 1863–1868.

62 Theresa L.-Y. Chang, “Inhibition of HIV Infectivity by a Natural Human Isolate of Lactobacillus jensenii Engineered to Express Functional Two-Domain CD4”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 100 (2003), 11672-11677.

63 M. K. Boyd et al., “Discovery of Cyanovirin-N, a Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Inactivating Protein That Binds Viral Surface Envelop Glycoprotein ghl20: Potential Applications to Microbicide Development”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 41 (1997), 1521–1530; C. C. P. Tsai et al., “Cyanovirin-N Inhibits AIDS Virus Infections in Vaginal Transmission Models”, AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 20 (2004), 11–18.

64 Xiaowen Liu et al., “Engineered Vaginal Lactobacillus Strain for Mucosal Delivery of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Inhibitor Cyanovirin-N”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 50 (2006), 3250–3259.

65 D. Medaglini et al., “Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to a Recombinant Protein Expressed on the Surface of the Oral Commensal Bacterium Streptococcus gordonii After Oral Colonization”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92 (1995), 6868–6872.

66 Ashu Sharma et al., “Oral Immunization with Recombinant Streptococcus gordonii Expressing Porphyromonas gingivalis FimA Domains”, Infection and Immunity 69 (2001), 2928–2934.

67 Corinne Grangette et al., “Protection Against Tetanus Toxin After Intragastric Administration of Two Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacteria: Impact of Strain Viability7 and In Vitro Persistence”, Vaccine 20 (2002), 3304–3309; B. Corthesy et al., “Oral Immunization of Mice with Lactic Acid Bacteria Producing Helicobacter pylori Urease B Subunit Partially Protects Against Challenge with Helicobacter felis”, Journal of Infectious Diseases 192 (2005), 1441–1449.

68 L. Scheppler et al., “Intranasal Immunisation Using Recombinant Lactobacill johnsonii as a New Strategy to Prevent Allergic Disease”, Vaccine 9 (2005), 1126–1134.

69 Scheppler et al., “Intranasal Immunisation Using Recombinant Lactobacillus johnsonii”; B. Stadler et al., “Lactic Acid Bacteria as Agents for Preventing Allergy”, çàÿâêà íà ïàòåíò ÑØÀ ¹ 200402655290.

70 Eva Medina, Carlos Alberto Guzman, “Use of Live Bacterial Vaccine Vectors for Antigen Delivery: Potential and Limitations”, Vaccine 19 (2001), 1573–1580.

71 Ïåðåïèñêà Äæî Êàììèíñà (Joe Cummins) ñ àâòîðîì ïî ýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òå â íîÿáðå 2006 ã.

72 Ronald Jackson et al., “Expression of Mouse Interleukin-4 by Recombinant Ectromelia Virus Suppresses Cytolytic Lymphocyte Responses and Overcomes Genetic Resistance in Mousepox”, Journal of Virology75 (2001), 1205–1210; Rachel Nowak, “Disaster in the Making”, New Scientist, January 3, 2001, 4–5.

73 NADA 141–101 PREEMPT™ – original approval (îäîáðåíèå ñðåäñòâà “Preempt” Óïðàâëåíèåì ïèùåâûõ ïðîäóêòîâ è ìåäèêàìåíòîâ è êðàòêîå îïèñàíèå ìåòîäîâ èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ è äåéñòâèÿ ýòîãî ñðåäñòâà), ñì. www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary / Products /Approved AnimalDrugProducts / FOIADrugSummaries / ucm117130.htm.

74 J. Raloff, “Spray Guards Chicks from Infections”, Science News, March 28 1998, 196.

75 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Òîääà Êýëëàóýÿ (Todd Callaway) â ñåíòÿáðå – äåêàáðå 2006 ã.

76 Kenneth Genovese et al., “Protection of Suckling Neonatal Pigs Against Infection with an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Expressing 987P Fimbriae by the Administration of a Bacterial Competitive Exclusion Culture”, Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 13 (2001), 223–228; Roger Harvey et al., “Use of Competitive Exclusion to Control Enterotoxigenic Strains of Escherichia coli Weaned Pigs”, Journal of Animal Science 83 (2005), E44 – E47.

77 R. E. Holland, “Infectious Causes of Diarrhea in Young Farm Animals”, Clinical Microbiology Reviews 3 (1990), 345–375; S. Tzipori, “The Relative Importance of Enteric Pathogens Affecting Neonates of Domestic Animals”, Advances in Veterinary Science and Comparative Medicine 29 (1985), 103–206.

78 È íòåðâüþ, âçÿòîå àâòîðîì ó Ôðýíñèñà Ôîðñòà (Francis Forst) 28 íîÿáðÿ 2006 ã.

79 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Äýâèäà Òàëåðà, è ïåðåïèñêà ïî ýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òå ñ äåêàáðÿ 2004 ã. ïî äåêàáðü 2006 ã., à òàêæå íåîïóáëèêîâàííàÿ ðóêîïèñü: David Thaler, “The Microbial Neolithic Revolution”.

80 David Thaler, “The Evolution of Genetic Intelligence”, Science 264 (1994), 224–225; David Thaler, “Hereditary Stability and Variation in Evolution and Development”, Evolution and Development 1 (1999), 113–122.

×àñòü 7. Ëå÷èòü áîëüíîãî, à íå áîëåçíü

1 Ýïèãðàô: Lewis Thomas, Lives of a Cell: Notes of a Biology Watcher (New York: Penguin, 1978), 78.

2 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Êåâèíà Òðåéñè â íîÿáðå 2006 ã. Ïîäðîáíåå óçíàòü îá èñòîðèè Äæåíèñ è î íîâàòîðñêèõ èññëåäîâàíèÿõ ïðèðîäû ñåïòè÷åñêîãî øîêà è òÿæåëîãî ñåïñèñà, êîòîðûìè çàíèìàëñÿ Òðåéñè, ìîæíî â åãî ãëóáîêî èíôîðìàòèâíîé êíèãå âîñïîìèíàíèé, ïðî÷èòàòü êîòîðóþ ÿ âñÿ÷åñêè ðåêîìåíäóþ: Kevin Tracey, Fatal Sequence: The Killer Within (Washington, D. C.: Dana Press, 2005).

3 Derek Angus et al., “Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis in the United States: Analysis of Incidence, Outcome, and Associated Costs of Care”, Critical Care Medicine 29 (2001), 1303–1310.

4 Brian Beutler et al., “Passive Immunization Against Cachectin/ Tumor Necrosis Factor Protects Mice from Lethal Effect of Endotoxin”, Science 229 (1985), 869–871.

5 Kevin Tracey et al., “Shock and Tissue Injury Induced by Recombinant Human Cachectin”, Science 234 (1986), 470–474.

6 Kevin Tracey et al., “Anti-cachectin/TNF Monoclonal Antibodies Prevent Septic Shock During Lethal Bacteremia”, Nature 330 (1987), 662–464.

7 Huan Wang et al., “HMG-1 as a Late Mediator of Endotoxin Lethality in Mice”, Science 285 (1999), 248–251; Huan Yang et al., “Reversing Established Sepsis with Antagonists of Endogenous High-Mobility Group Box 1”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (2004), 296–301.

8 L. V. Borovikova et al., “Vagus Nerve Stimulation Attenuates the Systemic Inflammatory Response to Endotoxin”, Nature 405 (2000), 458–462.

9 Hong Wang et al., “Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha/ Subunit Is an Essen tial Regulator of Inflammation”, Nature 421 (2003), 384388; Kevin Tracey, “The Inflammatory Reflex”, Nature 420 (2002), 853–859.

10 Thomas Bernik et al., “Pharmacological Stimulation of the Cholinergic Anti inflammatory Pathway”, Journal of Experimental Medicine 195 (2002), 781–788; H. Wang et al., “Cholinergic Agonists Inhibit HMGB1 Release and Improve Survival in Experimental Sepsis”, Nature Medicine 10 (2004), 1216–1221.

11 Greta Van den Berghe et al., “Intensive Insulin Therapy in Critically Ill Patients”, New England Journal of Medicine 345 (2001), 1359–1367.

12 Greg Martin et al., “The Epidemiology of Sepsis in the United States from 1979 Through 2000”, New England Journal of Medicine 348 (2003), 1546–1554.

13 Derek Angus, “Sepsis on the Rise in the United States”, 32nd annual Critical Care Congress, San Antonio, Texas, 2003; Derek Angus et al., “Epidemiology of Severe Sepsis in the United States: Analysis of Incidence, Outcome, and Associated Costs of Care”, Critical Care Medicine 29 (2001), 1303–1310.

14 Garth Ehrlich et al., “Device-Related Infections of Prosthetic Devices in the United States, Table 1 in Engineering Approaches for the Detection and Control of Orthopaedic Biofilm Infections”, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 2005 (437), 59–66. Ïðèìå÷àíèå.  óêàçàííîé òàáëèöå íå ó÷òåíû èñêóññòâåííûå õðóñòàëèêè ãëàçà, êîòîðûõ â ÑØÀ åæåãîäíî èìïëàíòèðóþò îò îäíîãî äî äâóõ ìèëëèîíîâ, ÷òî â 7-10 % ñëó÷àåâ ïðèâîäèò ê ðàçâèòèþ èíôåêöèé. Èñòî÷íèê: A. Hornblass et al., “Current Techniques of Enucleation: A Survey of 5,439 Intraorbital Implants and a Review of the Literature”, Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 11 (1995), 77–86.

15 Garth Ehrlich et al., “Intelligent Implants to Battle Biofilms”, ASM News 70 (2004), 127–133.

16 Joel Epstein et al., “A Survey of Antibiotic Use in Dentistry”, Journal of the American Dental Association 131 (2000), 1600–1609; G. W. Meyer, A. L. Artis, “Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Orthopedic Prostheses and GI Procedures: A Report of a Survey”, American Journal of Gastroenterology 92 (1997), 989–991; P. B. Lockhart et al., “Decision-Making on the Use of Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Dental Procedures: A Survey of Infectious Disease Consultants and a Review”, Clinical Infectious Diseases 34 (2002), 1621–1626.

17 Lucas Hoffman et al., “Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Induce Bacterial Biofilm Formation”, Nature 436 (2005), 1171–1175.

18 C. von Eiff et al., “Modern Strategies in the Prevention of Implant-Associated Infections”, International Journal of Artificial Organs 28 (2005), 1146–1156.

19 D. Neut et al., “Residual Gentamicin-Release from Antibiotic-Loaded Polymethylmethacrylate Beads After Five Years of Implantation”, Biomaterials 24 (2003), 1829–1831.

20 R. G. Seipelt et al., “The St. Jude ‘Silzone’ Valve: Midterm Results in Treatment of Active Endocarditis”, Annals of Thoracic Surgery 72 (2001), 758–762.

21 G. Cook et al., “Direct Confocal Microscopy Studies of the Bacterial Colonization In Vitro of a Silver-Coated Heart Valve Sewing Cuff”, International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 13 (2000), 169-73.

22 Michael Surette et al., “Quorum Sensing in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Vibrio harveyi: A New Family of Genes Responsible for Autoinducer Production”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 96 (1999), 1639–1644; Stephan Schauder et al., “The luxS Family of Bacterial Autoinducers: Biosynthesis of a Novel Quorum-Sensing Signal Molecule”, Molecular Microbiology 41 (2001), 463–476.

23 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòûå àâòîðîì ó Áîííè Áàññëåð â íîÿáðå – äåêàáðå 2005 ã.

24 Karina Xavier, Bonnie Bassler, “Interference with AI-2-Mediated Bacterial Cell-Cell Communication”, Nature 437 (2005), 750–753.

25 E. Barth et al., “In Vitro and In Vivo Comparative Colonization of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis on Orthopaedic Implant Materials”, Biomaterials 10 (1989), 325–328.

26 Andrea Giacometti et al., “RNA III Inhibiting Peptide Inhibits In Vivo Biofilm Formation by Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus”, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47 (2003), 1979–1983.

27 Garth Ehrlich et al., “Engineering Approaches for the Detection and Control of Orthopaedic Biofilm Infections”, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 437 (2005), 59–66.

28 Philip Stewart, Ross Carlson, “Anti-biofilm Properties of Chitosan-Coated Surfaces”, 232nd national meeting of the American Chemical Society, poster presentation COLL 021, September 10, 2006.

29 Anneta Razatos et al., “Force Measurements Between Bacteria and Polyethylene Glycol Coated Surfaces”, Langmuir 16 (2000), 9155–9158; David Adam, “Bacteria Get the Brush Off", www.nature.com / n ews / 2000 / 001219 / full / news001221-6.html.

30 MedImmune, 2005 Annual Report, Gaithersburg, MD.

31 A. P. Simopoulos, “Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases”, Journal of the American College of Nutrition 21 (2002), 495–505; F. Holguin et al., “Cardiac Autonomic Changes Associated with Fish Oil vs Soy Oi Supplmentation in the Elderly”, Chest 127 (2005), 1102–1107; A. A. Berbert et al., “Supplementation of Fish Oil and Olive Oil in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis”, Nutrition 21 (2005), 131–136.

32 Misha Luyer et al., “Nutritional Stimulation of Cholecystokinin Receptors Inhibits Inflammation via the Vagus Nerve”, Journal of Experimental Medicine 202 (2005), 1023–1029.

33 T. Chen et al., “Mononuclear Cell Response to Enterobacteria and Gram-positive Cell Walls of Normal Intestinal Microbiota in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Inflammatory Arthritides”, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 20 (2002), 193–200; Erika Isolauri,

“Probiotics in Human Disease”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 73 (2001), 1142S – 1146S; Kent Erickson and Neil Hubbard, “Probiotic Immunomodulation in Health and Disease”, Journal of Nutrition 130 (2000X403S – 409S.

34 K. Hatakka et al., “Effects of Probiotic Therapy on the Activity and Activation of Mild Rheumatoid Arthritis – A Pilot Study”, Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 32 (2003), 211–215; Ehud Baharav et al., “Lactobacillus GG Bacteria Ameliorate Arthritis in Lewis Rats”, Journal of Nutrition 134 (2004), 1964–1969; T. M. Chapman et al., “VSL#3 Probiotic Mixture: A Review of Its Use in Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Diseases”, Drugs 66 (2006), 13711387; O. Karimi et al., “Probiotics (VSL#3) in Arthralgia in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease: A Pilot Study”, Drugs Today 41 (2005), 453–459; Philippe Marteau et al., “Protection from Gastrointestinal Diseases with the Use of Probiotics”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 73 (2001), 430S – 436S.

35 Henri Braat et al., “A Phase 1 Trial with Transgenic Bacteria Expressing Interleukin-10 in Crohn’s Disease”, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 4 (2006), 754–759.

36 M. Kalliomaki et al., “Probiotics in Primary Prevention of Atopic Disease: A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial”, Lancet 357 (2001), 1076–1079; M. Kalliomaki et al., “Probiotics and Prevention of Atopic

Disease: 4-year Follow-up of a Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial”, Lancet 361 (2003), 1869–1871.

37 M. Viljanen, “Probiotics in the Treatment of Atopic Eczema/Dermatitis Syndrome in Infants: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial”, Allergy 60 (2005), 494–500.

38 F. Calcinaro et al., “Oral Probiotic Administration Induces Interleukin-10 Production and Prevents Spontaneous Autoimmune Diabetes in the Non-obese Diabetic Mouse”, Diabetologia 48 (2005), 1565–1575; Mihoko Tabuchi et al., “Antidiabetic Effect of Lactobacillus GG in Streptozotocin-lnduced Diabetic Rats”, Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 67 (2003), 1421–1424; T. Matsuzaki et al., “Prevention of Onset in an Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Model, NOD Mice, by Oral Feeding of Lactobacillus casei”, Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica 105 (1997), 643–649; T. Matsuzaki, “Antidiabetic Effects of an Oral Administration of Lactobacillus casei in a Non-insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus Model Using KK-Ay Mice”, Endocrinology Journal 44 (1997), 357–365.

39 M. Ljungberg et al., “Probiotics for the Prevention of Beta Cell Autoimmunity in Children at Genetic Risk of Type 1 Diabetes – The PRODIA Study”, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1079 (2006), 360–364.

40 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòîå àâòîðîì ó Ìàðòèíà Áàõìàííà 16 îêòÿáðÿ 2006 ã.; “Cytos Biotechnology Updates on Development of Allergy Vaccine”, ïðåññ-ðåëèç êîìïàíèè îò 12 èþíÿ 2006 ã.; Cytos Biotechnology, 2006 Th1rd Quarter Report, September 30, 2006.

41 Cytos Biotechnology, “Vaccine Candidate CYT005-AllQbG10 for Allergic Diseases Shows Significant Efficacy in Phase 1 la Study”, ïðåññ-ðåëèç îò 14 äåêàáðÿ 2005 ã.; Cytos Biotechnology, “Vaccine to Treat Allergic Diseases Shows Significant Long-term Efficacy in House Dust Mite Allergy Patients”, ïðåññ-ðåëèç îò 25 àïðåëÿ 2006 ã.; Cytos Biotechnology, 2006 Th1rd Quarter Report, September 30, 2006.

42 Martin Bachmann et al., “The Influence of Antigen Organization on B Cell Responsiveness”, Science 262 (1993), 1448–1451.

43 Tazio Storni et al., “Nonmethylated CG Motifs Packaged into Viruslike Particles Induce Protective Cytotoxic T Cell Responses in the Absence of Systemic Side Effects”, Journal of Immunology 172 (2004), 1777–1785.

44 Y. Sato et al., “Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Necessary for Effective Intradermal Gene Immunization”, Science 273 (1996), 352354; M. Roman et al., “Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Function as T Helper-1-Promoting Adjuvants “Nature Medicine 3 (1997), 849–854.

45 David Broide et al., “Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Inhibit IL-5, Eosinophilic Inflammation and Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice”, Journal of Immunology 161 (1998), 7054–7062; David Broide et al., “Systemic Administration of Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Mediates Reversible Inhibition of TH2 Responses in a Mouse Model of Asthma”, Journal of Clinical Immunology 21 (2001), 175–182; Arash Ronaghy et al., “Immunostimulatory DNA Sequences Influence the Course of Adjuvant Arthritis”, Journal of Immunology 168 (2002), 51–56; Daniel Rachmilewitz et al., “Immunostimulatory DNA Ameliorates Experimental and Spontaneous Murine Colitis”, Gastroenterology 122 (2002), 1428–1441; Omar Duramad et al., “Inhibitors of TLR-9 Act on Multiple Cell Subsets in Mouse and Man In Vitro and Prevent Death In Vivo from Systemic Inflammation”, Journal of Immunology 174 (2004), 5193–5200; Franck Barrat et al., “Nucleic Acids of Mammalian Origin Can Act as Endogenous Ligands for Tolllike Receptors and May Promote Systemic Lupus Erythematosus”, Journal of Experimental Microbiology 202 (2005), 1131–1139.

46 Peter Creticos et al., “Immunotherapy with a Ragweed-toll-like Receptor 9 Agonist Vaccine for Allergic Rhinitis”, New England Journal of Medicine 355 (2006), 1445–1455.

Çàêëþ÷åíèå. Ïðèíÿòü íàø ìèêðîáèîì

1 Èíòåðâüþ, âçÿòîå àâòîðîì ó Äæîøóà Ëåäåðáåðãà, è ïåðåïèñêà ïî ýëåêòðîííîé ïî÷òå 4 äåêàáðÿ 2004 ã.

Ðåêîìåíäóåìàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà

Òåì, êòî õî÷åò ïðîäîëæèòü ïîãðóæåíèå â ìèð áàêòåðèé è â òå ïðîáëåìû, êîòîðûå íàì ïðèõîäèòñÿ ðåøàòü, ÷òîáû æèòü â ýòîì ìèðå, ÿ âñÿ÷åñêè ðåêîìåíäóþ ñëåäóþùèå êíèãè è ñòàòüè.

1 Hart, Tony. Microterrors. Richmond Hill, Ont.: Firefly Books, 2004. Àòëàñ-îïðåäåëèòåëü áîëåçíåòâîðíûõ áàêòåðèé, âèðóñîâ, ãðèáîâ è ïðîñòåéøèõ, ïðåêðàñíî èëëþñòðèðîâàííûé öâåòíûìè ìèêðîôîòîãðàôèÿìè.

2 Levy, Stuart. The Antibiotic Paradox, 2nd ed. New York: Perseus, 2002. Ïåðåðàáîòàííîå è äîïîëíåííîå èçäàíèå êëàññè÷åñêîé êíèãè, êîòîðàÿ â ñâîå âðåìÿ ïîìîãëà ëþäÿì îñîçíàòü îïàñíîñòü óñòîé÷èâîñòè ê àíòèáèîòèêàì.

3 Margulis, Lynn. Symbiotic Planet. New York: Basic Books, 1998.

4 Margulis, Lynn & Sagan, Dorion. Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of Species. New York: Basic Books, 2002. Â ýòèõ äâóõ êíèãàõ èçëàãàþòñÿ ðàçðàáîòàííàÿ Ëèíí Ìàðãóëèñ ðåâîëþöèîííàÿ òåîðèÿ ýíäîñèìáèîçà è åå äèñêóññèîííûå èäåè î ïðîèñõîæäåíèè âèäîâ ïóòåì îïòîâîãî ïðèîáðåòåíèÿ íîâûõ íàñëåäóåìûõ ïðèçíàêîâ.

5 Roberts, Richard et al. An Experimental Approach to Genome Annotation. Ýòîò îò÷åò î ðåçóëüòàòàõ êîëëîêâèóìà Àìåðèêàíñêîé ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé àêàäåìèè, ïðîõîäèâøåãî â èþëå 2004 ãîäà, èìååòñÿ â ñåòè ïî àäðåñó: academy.asm.org/ is/stories/ documents/experimentalapproachgenomeannotationcolor.pdf.

6 Salyers, Abigail & Whitt, Dixie. Microbiology: Diversity, Disease, and the Environment. Bethesda, Md.: Fitzgerald Science Press, 2001. Ó÷åáíèê äëÿ êîëëåäæåé, âïîëíå äîñòóïíûé äëÿ íåñïåöèàëèñòà, èíòåðåñóþùåãîñÿ åñòåñòâåííûìè íàóêàìè.

7 Salyers, Abigail & Whitt, Dixie. Revenge of the Microbes. Washington, D. C.: ASM Press, 2005. Áîëåå ïîäðîáíûé ðàññêàç î òîì, êàê ðàáîòàþò òå èëè èíûå àíòèáèîòèêè è ïî÷åìó îíè ÷åì äàëüøå, òåì áîëüøå ïåðåñòàþò ðàáîòàòü.

8 Walker, Richard & Buckley, Merry. Probiotic Microbes: The Scientific Basis. Ýòîò îò÷åò î ðåçóëüòàòàõ êîëëîêâèóìà Àìåðèêàíñêîé ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîé àêàäåìèè, ïðîõîäèâøåãî â èþíå 2006 ãîäà, èìååòñÿ â ñåòè ïî àäðåñó: academy.asm.org/is/ stories/documents/probioticmicrobesfull.pdf.

9 Wilson, Michael. Microbial Inhabitants of Humans. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Ñàìûé ïîëíûé ó÷åáíèê î òîì, êòî ãäå æèâåò è êòî ÷åì çàíèìàåòñÿ íà ïëàíåòå ïîä íàçâàíèåì ×åëîâåê.

Áëàãîäàðíîñòè

Âñå áåç èñêëþ÷åíèÿ êíèãè íàïèñàíû â ñîàâòîðñòâå, íî ê òîìó íàáîðó ñëîâ, êîòîðûé âû äåðæèòå â ðóêàõ, ýòî îòíîñèòñÿ â îñîáåííîñòè. ß ìîãó ëèøü â ñàìîì ïåðâîì ïðèáëèæåíèè âûðàçèòü çäåñü ñâîþ áëàãîäàðíîñòü ìíîãèì äåñÿòêàì ó÷åíûõ, áèáëèîòåêàðåé è êîëëåã, êîòîðûå ëþáåçíî îòâå÷àëè íà ìîè âîïðîñû, èñêàëè äëÿ ìåíÿ èíôîðìàöèþ è ïîìîãàëè ìíå â ðàáîòå ñ ÷åðíîâèêàìè. Êðîìå òîãî, ýòà êíèãà ñòàëà âîçìîæíîé áëàãîäàðÿ íåñêîëüêèì ùåäðûì ãðàíòàì è ñòèïåíäèÿì.

Äèðåêòîðñêèé ãðàíò Ôîíäà Àëüôðåäà Ñëîóíà ïîçâîëèë ìíå êîïàòü ãëóáæå è òùàòåëüíî âûâåðèòü âñå ñîáðàííûå ñâåäåíèÿ, à òàêæå ïîäêëþ÷èòü ê äåëó âïå÷àòëÿþùóþ êîìàíäó íàó÷íûõ êîíñóëüòàíòîâ. Ãëàâíûì èç íèõ áûëà, íåñîìíåííî, Àáèãàéëü Ñýëüåðñ, ïðîôåññîð ìèêðîáèîëîãèè èç Èëëèíîéññêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà, áûâøèé ïðåçèäåíò Àìåðèêàíñêîãî ìèêðîáèîëîãè÷åñêîãî îáùåñòâà è ïëîäîâèòûé àâòîð óâëåêàòåëüíûõ íàó÷íî-ïîïóëÿðíûõ òðóäîâ, êîíñóëüòèðîâàâøàÿ ìåíÿ ïðè ðàáîòå íàä âñåìè ãëàâàìè ýòîé êíèãè, îò ïåðâîé äî ïîñëåäíåé. Íåêîòîðûå ãëàâû ìíå óäàëîñü óëó÷øèòü áëàãîäàðÿ ñîâåòàì äðóãèõ ó÷åíûõ, îçíàêîìèâøèõñÿ ñ èõ ÷åðíîâûìè âàðèàíòàìè: èììóíîëîãà Äåéëà Óìýöó èç Ãàðâàðäà, ìèêðîáèîëîãà Ààðîíà Ìèò÷åëëà èç Êîëóìáèéñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà è ïàòîëîãà Ôðýíêà Ëîóè èç Êîëëåäæà òåðàïåâòîâ è õèðóðãîâ ïðè Êîëóìáèéñêîì óíèâåðñèòåòå. Îñîáóþ áëàãîäàðíîñòü õîòåëîñü áû âûñêàçàòü Äîðîíó Âåáåðó, ðóêîâîäèòåëþ ïðîãðàììû íàó÷íî-òåõíè÷åñêîãî ïðîñâåùåíèÿ îáùåñòâåííîñòè â Ôîíäå Ñëîóíà, îöåíèâøåìó ïîòåíöèàë ýòîãî ïðîåêòà.

Áëàãîäàðþ òàêæå Ôîíä æóðíàëèñòñêèõ ðàññëåäîâàíèé çà êîëîññàëüíóþ ïîääåðæêó, îêàçàííóþ ìíå êíèæíîé ïðåìèåé ýòîãî ôîíäà çà 2005 ãîä, à òàêæå Ôîíä Àëèñèè Ïàòòåðñîí çà ñòèïåíäèþ 2005 ãîäà, ïîçâîëèâøóþ ìíå íà÷àòü ðàáîòó íàä ýòîé êíèãîé ñ ïîäãîòîâêè ñåðèè òåìàòè÷åñêèõ ñòàòåé äëÿ æóðíàëà AFP Reporter. Èñïîëíèòåëüíûé äèðåêòîð Ôîíäà æóðíàëèñòñêèõ ðàññëåäîâàíèé Äæîí Õàéä è èñïîëíèòåëüíûé äèðåêòîð Ôîíäà Àëèñèè Ïàòòåðñîí Ìàðãàðåò Ýíãåëü ïîìîãàëè ìíå íå òîëüêî ôèíàíñîâîé, íî è ñâîåé ëè÷íîé ïîääåðæêîé.

Ñ ëèòåðàòóðíîé ñòîðîíû ìîåé ðàáîòå ñèëüíî ïîìîã öåëûé îòðÿä íàñòàâíèêîâ è ðåäàêòîðîâ. Çàÿâêà íà ýòó êíèãó ðîäèëàñü çà âðåìÿ ïîëåçíåéøåãî è ïî ïðàâó çíàìåíèòîãî ïÿòèìåñÿ÷íîãî ïèñàòåëüñêîãî ñåìèíàðà Ñýìà Ôðèäìàíà â Øêîëå æóðíàëèñòèêè Êîëóìáèéñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Ìîé ëèòåðàòóðíûé àãåíò Ðåãóëà ͸öëè ïðîñëåäèëà çà òåì, ÷òîáû ýòà çàÿâêà ïîïàëà â íóæíûå ðóêè, à èìåííî – â ðóêè Äæî Âèñíîâñêè, ìîåãî âûñîêîïðîôåññèîíàëüíîãî ðåäàêòîðà èç èçäàòåëüñòâà Hill and Wang è ìóäðîãî ÷åëîâåêà, ÷üå ãëóáîêîå ïîíèìàíèå ñóòè äåëà ïîìîãëî ìíå íå ñîéòè ñ óìà çà äâà ãîäà ðàáîòû íàä ýòîé êíèãîé. Ìîðà Ðîóäñ, äîëãîå âðåìÿ ðàáîòàâøàÿ ðåäàêòîðîì æóðíàëà Parenting, ðåøèëàñü íà÷àòü ñâîþ êàðüåðó ðåäàêòîðà-ôðèëàíñåðà ñ ïîìîùè ìíå â ýòîì ïóãàþùåì ïðîåêòå. Êðîìå òîãî, ÿ íàâñåãäà â äîëãó ïåðåä ñâîèìè çàìå÷àòåëüíûìè çîëîâêîé è íåâåñòêîé, Øåðèí Ñàêñ è Êýòè Ñíàéäåð, êîòîðûå âíèìàòåëüíî ÷èòàëè ìîè ÷åðíîâèêè è ïîìîãëè óëó÷øèòü ýòó êíèãó.

Íå áóäåò ïðåóâåëè÷åíèåì ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ýòà êíèãà íå ïîÿâèëàñü áû íà ñâåò áåç ïîìîùè â ñáîðå ñâåäåíèé, êîòîðóþ îêàçàë ìíå Íèë Ñèëüâåðà èç Áèîëîãè÷åñêîé áèáëèîòåêè Êîëóìáèéñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà. Ñïàñèáî òåáå, Íèë!

Êðîìå òîãî, ÿ îñîáåííî áëàãîäàðíà Ëèíí Ìàðãóëèñ, ñïåöèàëèñòó ïî ýâîëþöèîííîé áèîëîãèè êëåòêè èç Ìàññà÷óñåòñêîãî óíèâåðñèòåòà â Àìõåðñòå, ñëèøêîì êðàòêîå óïîìèíàíèå êîòîðîé â ýòîé êíèãå ñîâåðøåííî íå îòðàæàåò åå ðîëè â ïîëó÷åíèè íàøèõ çíàíèé î ïðèðîäå âñåõ êëåòîê, êàê ïðîêàðèîòè÷åñêèõ, òàê è ýóêàðèîòè÷åñêèõ. Âîñïîìèíàíèÿ î âðåìåíè, ïðîâåäåííîì ñ Ëèíí â õîäå ñáîðà ñâåäåíèé äëÿ ýòîé êíèãè, íàâñåãäà îñòàíóòñÿ â ìîåì ñåðäöå.

Ïîñëåäíèìè, íî îòíþäü íå â íàèìåíüøåé ñòåïåíè, ÿ õî÷ó ïîáëàãîäàðèòü ìîåãî ìóæà Ãýðè è ìîþ äî÷ü Ýâó, êîòîðûå ïîìîãàëè ìíå íà âñåì ïðîòÿæåíèè ýòîé ðàáîòû ñâîåé ëþáîâüþ, òåðïåíèåì è íåèçìåííîé ïîääåðæêîé.

Ñòðàíèöû: «« 1234567

×èòàòü áåñïëàòíî äðóãèå êíèãè:

Íàø ìîçã – îäíà èç òåõ òàéí, íàä êîòîðûìè ïðîäîëæàþò ðàáîòàòü ó÷åíûå ìíîãèõ ñòðàí ìèðà. Ñïåöèàëèñòû ...
Íàø ìîçã – îäíà èç òåõ òàéí, íàä êîòîðûìè ïðîäîëæàþò ðàáîòàòü ó÷åíûå ìíîãèõ ñòðàí ìèðà. Ñïåöèàëèñòû ...
 ýòîé êíèãå ïðåäñòàâëåí îïòèìàëüíûé íàáîð ïðèåìîâ è âñïîìîãàòåëüíûõ óïðàæíåíèé èç ðàçíûõ øêîë è ñèñ...
 êíèãå «Ôèòíåñ äëÿ ãðóäè» ñîáðàíû ìîäíûå, ïîïóëÿðíûå è äîñòóïíûå ïðîãðàììû òðåíèíãà ñàìîé ñåêñóàëüí...
Ëèøíèé âåñ ó äåòåé íå áåðåòñÿ íèîòêóäà. Ó åãî ïîÿâëåíèÿ âñåãäà åñòü ïðè÷èíû. Ñàìàÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåííàÿ ...
 êíèãå èçëîæåíû îñíîâíûå ïðèíöèïû òåîðèè è ìåòîäèêè èçó÷åíèÿ îçäîðîâèòåëüíî-òåðàïåâòè÷åñêèõ óïðàæíå...