Îáÿçàòåëüíûé çàâòðàê, âðåäíûé êîôå è îïàñíûé ôàñòôóä. Ïî÷åìó ïî÷òè âñ¸, ÷òî íàì ðàññêàçûâàëè î åäå, íåïðàâäà Ñïåêòîð Òèì
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Ïðèìå÷àíèÿ ðåäàêöèè
[1] Ëîíãèòþäíîå èññëåäîâàíèå — èññëåäîâàíèå ñ ìíîãîêðàòíûìè ôèêñàöèÿìè ïîêàçàòåëåé ó îäíèõ è òåõ æå ó÷àñòíèêîâ, ïîçâîëÿþùåå ïðîâåðÿòü ïðè÷èííî-ñëåäñòâåííûå ãèïîòåçû. Çäåñü è äàëåå ïðèì. ðåä., åñëè íå óêàçàíî èíîå.
[2] Îäíîÿéöåâûå (ãîìîçèãîòíûå) áëèçíåöû — áëèçíåöû ñ èäåíòè÷íûì ãåíîòèïîì, êîòîðûå ðàçâèëèñü èç îäíîé îïëîäîòâîðåííîé ÿéöåêëåòêè. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[3] Èçäàíà íà ðóññêîì ÿçûêå: Ñïåêòîð Ò. Ìèôû î äèåòàõ. Ì.: Ìàíí, Èâàíîâ è Ôåðáåð, 2020.
[4] Âåëíåñ (îò well — «õîðîøî», áóêâ. «õîðîøåå ñàìî÷óâñòâèå») — êîíöåïöèÿ çäîðîâîãî îáðàçà æèçíè, çàáîòû î ôèçè÷åñêîì è ìåíòàëüíîì çäîðîâüå, ïðàâèëüíîãî ïèòàíèÿ, îòêàçà îò âðåäíûõ ïðèâû÷åê è ðàçóìíûõ ôèçè÷åñêèõ íàãðóçîê.
[5] Êåéë (êàëå, êóäðÿâàÿ êàïóñòà) — ðàñòåíèå ñåìåéñòâà êàïóñòíûå, áîãàòîå âèòàìèíàìè è ìèíåðàëüíûìè âåùåñòâàìè è áëàãîäàðÿ ýòîìó ñòàâøåå ïîïóëÿðíûì â ïîñëåäíèå ãîäû. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[6] Äèìñàì (äèì ñàì) — ëåãêèå çàêóñêè â êèòàéñêîé êóõíå, îáû÷íî ïîäàâàåìûå ñ ÷àåì; ðîòè — òðàäèöèîííûé èíäèéñêèé õëåá; ñààã àëó — èíäèéñêîå áëþäî èç çåëåíè, êàðòîôåëÿ è ñïåöèé. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[7] Óðîâåíü îñíîâíîãî îáìåíà — ýíåðãèÿ, êîòîðóþ îðãàíèçì ðàñõîäóåò â ñîñòîÿíèè ïîêîÿ. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[8] Ðåçîëâèíû — âåùåñòâà, âûðàáàòûâàåìûå îðãàíèçìîì èç æèðíûõ êèñëîò, ìåäèàòîðû ïðîòèâîâîñïàëèòåëüíûõ ðåàêöèé.  íàñòîÿùåå âðåìÿ èõ ôóíêöèè àêòèâíî èçó÷àþòñÿ. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[9] Ñïðàâåäëèâîñòè ðàäè ñòîèò ñêàçàòü, ÷òî ïèùåâàÿ ïðîìûøëåííîñòü íå ñèíòåçèðóåò òðàíñæèðû öåëåíàïðàâëåííî. Ýòî ïîáî÷íûé ïðîäóêò ãèäðîãåíèçàöèè — ïðåâðàùåíèÿ íåíàñûùåííûõ æèðîâ â íàñûùåííûå äëÿ ïîëó÷åíèÿ òâåðäûõ æèðîâ èç æèäêèõ. Òðàíñæèðû â íåáîëüøèõ îëè÷åñòâàõ åñòåñòâåííûì îáðàçîì ïðèñóòñòâóþò â íàòóðàëüíûõ ìÿñíûõ ïðîäóêòàõ è â ìîëîêå. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[10] Àâñòðàëàçèÿ — òåðìèí, èñïîëüçóþùèéñÿ äëÿ îáîçíà÷åíèÿ ðåãèîíà, âêëþ÷àþùåãî â ñåáÿ Àâñòðàëèþ, Íîâóþ Ãâèíåþ, Íîâóþ Çåëàíäèþ è ïðèëåãàþùèå ê íèì îñòðîâà Òèõîãî îêåàíà.
[11]  äèêîðàñòóùèõ ãðèáàõ âèòàìèí D ñèíòåçèðóåòñÿ ïîä äåéñòâèåì ñîëíå÷íîãî ñâåòà, åãî êîíöåíòðàöèÿ íåâûñîêà è ñèëüíî çàâèñèò îò óñëîâèé ïðîèçðàñòàíèÿ ãðèáà. Íåêîòîðûå ãðèáû ïðîìûøëåííîãî ïðîèçâîäñòâà îáëó÷àþò óëüòðàôèîëåòîì, ÷òî ñòèìóëèðóåò ñèíòåç âèòàìèíà D.  ïðîöåññå õðàíåíèÿ ñîäåðæàíèå âèòàìèíà D â ãðèáàõ óìåíüøàåòñÿ. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[12] Ñòèð-ôðàé (îò àíãë. stir-fry — «æàðèòü, ïåðåìåøèâàÿ») — ïîïóëÿðíàÿ â Àçèè òåõíîëîãèÿ ïðèãîòîâëåíèÿ ïèùè: áûñòðîå îáæàðèâàíèå â ðàñêàëåííîì ìàñëå, â ãëóáîêîé ñêîâîðîäå, ïðè íåïðåðûâíîì ïåðåìåøèâàíèè.
[13] Öèêóòà (â¸õ ÿäîâèòûé) — òîêñè÷íîå ðàñòåíèå ñåìåéñòâà çîíòè÷íûå, øèðîêî ðàñïðîñòðàíåííîå íà òåððèòîðèè Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû è Ñåâåðíîé Àìåðèêè. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[14]  Ðîññèè íîðìà ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîòðåáíîñòåé â ïèùåâûõ âîëîêíàõ (êëåò÷àòêå) äëÿ âçðîñëûõ ñîñòàâëÿåò 20 ã (ñîãëàñíî ÌÐ 2.3.1.2432–08 Íîðìû ôèçèîëîãè÷åñêèõ ïîòðåáíîñòåé â ýíåðãèè è ïèùåâûõ âåùåñòâàõ äëÿ ðàçëè÷íûõ ãðóïï íàñåëåíèÿ Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè). Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[15] Ñêàìïè (èòàë. scampi) — êðóïíàÿ ìîðñêàÿ êðåâåòêà ñ äëèííûìè òîíêèìè êëåøíÿìè; äðóãèå íàçâàíèÿ: íîðâåæñêèé îìàð, äóáëèíñêàÿ êðåâåòêà, ëàíãóñòèí.  èòàëüÿíñêîé êóõíå òàêèõ êðåâåòîê ïîäæàðèâàþò íà ãðèëå: øåéêè ìàðèíóþò â îëèâêîâîì ìàñëå ñ ÷åñíîêîì è æàðÿò íà øàìïóðàõ; òàêæå èíîãäà èõ óïîòðåáëÿþò â ñûðîì âèäå (scampi crudi).
[16] Ïðåèìóùåñòâåííî ðàñòèòåëüíàÿ äèåòà ñ íåáîëüøîé äîëåé ïðîäóêòîâ æèâîòíîãî ïðîèñõîæäåíèÿ â ðàöèîíå.
[17] Êîðîòêîöåïî÷å÷íûìè ïðèíÿòî ñ÷èòàòü êèñëîòû ñ äëèíîé öåïè ìåíüøå 6 àòîìîâ óãëåðîäà, ïîýòîìó àëüôà-ëèíîëåíîâàÿ êèñëîòà íå ÿâëÿåòñÿ êîðîòêîöåïî÷å÷íîé (â íåé 18 àòîìîâ óãëåðîäà).  ÝÏÊ 20 àòîìîâ óãëåðîäà, â ÄÃÊ 21 àòîì óãëåðîäà. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[18] Àñòàêñàíòèí — ïðèðîäíûé ïèãìåíò, ïðèäàþùèé ðàçëè÷íûì âèäàì ðûá, ìîðñêèõ æèâîòíûõ, âîäîðîñëÿì è ïåðüÿì ïòèö êðàñíóþ îêðàñêó.  îðãàíèçìå ÷åëîâåêà âûïîëíÿåò ôóíêöèþ àíòèîêñèäàíòà, ñïîñîáñòâóåò ïîääåðæàíèþ îñòðîòû çðåíèÿ. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[19] Ëþäè, ðîäèâøèåñÿ â ïåðèîä ïðèìåðíî ñ 1981 ïî 1996 ãîä. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[20] Óòâåðæäåíèå àâòîðà íå ñîîòâåòñòâóåò äåéñòâèòåëüíîñòè. Â ÑØÀ, ñîãëàñíî Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ðåêîìåíäîâàíî óïîòðåáëÿòü 14 ã êëåò÷àòêè íà 1000 êêàë ýíåðãåòè÷åñêîé öåííîñòè ðàöèîíà, òî åñòü îò 25 ã â äåíü, â Âåëèêîáðèòàíèè — 30 ã â äåíü.  Ðîññèè âçðîñëûì ðåêîìåíäîâàíî óïîòðåáëÿòü 20 ã ïèùåâûõ âîëîêîí â ñóòêè. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
[21] Ëèçèí — îäíà èç íåçàìåíèìûõ àìèíîêèñëîò, â áîëüøèõ êîëè÷åñòâàõ ñîäåðæèòñÿ â áîáîâûõ è â ãðå÷íåâîé êðóïå. Ïðèì. íàó÷. ðåä.
