История Древнего мира. От истоков Цивилизации до падения Рима Бауэр Сьюзен

^‹828› Thapar, Early India, p. 149.

^‹829› Fenton et al., p. 90.

^‹830› Из введения к: J a taka, 1.54, translated by Henry Clarke Warren in Buddhism in Translation (1896), pp. 56–61.

^‹831› Quoted in Michael Carrithers, Buddha: A Very Short Introduction (2001), p. 46.

^‹832› Ibid., p. 62.

^‹833› Karen Armstrong, Buddha (2004), p. 9.

^‹834› Ibid., p. xi.

^‹835› A. L. Basham, The Wonder That Was India (1963), p. 47.

^‹836› Thapar, Early India, p. 152.

^‹837› Xueqin, p. 5.

^‹838› Gai Shiqi, ZuozhuanJishibenmuo, vol. 45 (1979), quoted in Xueqin, p. 170.

^‹839› Ch’ien, p. 77.

^‹840› Cho-yun Hsu, Ancient China in Transition: An Analysis of Social Mobility, 722–222 BC (1965), pp. 59–60.

^‹841› Jonathan Clements, Confucius: A Biography (2004), pp. 10–15. Я благодарна мистеру Клементсу за сведение беспорядочных подробностей жизни Конфуция в единый хронологический список.

^‹842› Clements, pp. 21–22.

^‹843› James Legge, trans., The Sacred Books of the East, vol. 27: The Texts of Confucianism, Li Ki, 1-Х (1968), 17.9.6.

^‹844› Ibid., 2.1.7.

^‹845› Ibid., 3.2.1,12.

^‹846› James Legge, trans., Confucian Analects, The Great Learning, and the Doctrine of the Mean (1971), 7.19.

^‹847› Ibid., 1.1.

^‹848› Ibid., 3.1,3.

^‹849› Clements, p. 39.

^‹850› Ch’ien, p. 787.

^‹851› Jaroslav Prusek, Chinese Statelets and the Northern Barbarians in the Period 1400–300 BC (1971), p. 187.

^‹852› Hsu, p. 69.

^‹853› Sun-Tzu, The Art of War, translated by Lionel Giles (2002), 2.6.

^‹854› Ibid., 3.2.

^‹855› Ibid., 2.2–4.

^‹856› Ibid., 1.18–19.

^‹857› Ibid., 9.24, 26.

^‹858› Quoted in Xueqin, p. 7.

^‹859› Herodotus, 1.216.

^‹860› Ibid., 1.214.

^‹861› Ibid., 4.159.

^‹862› Ibid., 2.161.

^‹863› James Henry Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt: Historical Documents from the Earliest Times to the Persian Conquest (1906–1907), 4.1000, pp. 510–511.

^‹864› Herodotus, 2.162.

^‹865› Breasted, Ancient Records, 4.1003, p. 511.

^‹866› Ibid., 4.1005, p. 512.

^‹867› J. M. Cook, The Persian Empire (1983), p. 46.

^‹868› Briant, p. 57.

^‹869› Herodotus, 3.64–66.

^‹870› J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 50.

^‹871› Herodotus, 3.72.

^‹872› Maria Brosius, trans, and ed., The Persian Empire from Cyrus II to Artaxerxes I (2000), p. 21.

^‹873› Ibid., p. 48.

^‹874› Ibid., p. 23.

^‹875› J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 53.

^‹876› Brosius, pp. 32–33.

^‹877› Ezra 5:3–9, NIV.

^‹878› Basham, p. 47.

^‹879› Thapar, Early India, p. 154.

^‹880› Keay, p. 67.

^‹881› Ibid.

^‹882› Thapar, Early India, p. 155.

^‹883› Herodotus, 4.44.

^‹884› Olmstead, History of the Persian Empire, p. 145; Herodotus, 3.94 and 4.44; Brosius, p. 40.

^‹885› Olmstead, History of the Persian Empire, p. 145.

^‹886› Herodotus, 4.127.

^‹887› Ibid., 4.64–65, 73–75.

^‹888› Ibid., 4.89.

^‹889› The Persians, in Aeschylus, The Complete Plays, vol. 2, translated by Carl R. Mueller (2002), p. 12

^‹890› Herodotus, 4.126,131.

^‹891› Briant, p. 144.

^‹892› Herodotus, 5.3.

^‹893› Morkot, p. 65.

^‹894› Peter Green, Alexander of Macedon, 356–323 BC: A Historical Biography (1991), pp. 1–2.

^‹895› Herodotus, 5.18.

^‹896› Waterfield, p. 51.

^‹897› Solon 29, in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 73; Athenian Constitution, in Rackhain, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 20, sees. 13–14.

^‹898› Solon 29, in Plutarch, Grer Lives, p. 74.

^‹899› Herodotus, 1.61.

^‹900› Athenian Constitution, in Rackham, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 20, sec. 15.

^‹901› Ibid., sec. 16.

^‹902› Ibid., sec. 19

^‹903› Lycurgus 16, in Plutarch, Greek Lives, p. 26.

^‹904› Pomeroy et al., p. 152.

^‹905› Herodotus, 5.73.

^‹906› Athenian Constitution, in Rackham, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 20, sec. 21.

^‹907› Politics, in Rackham, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 21,1302b; Buckley, p. 145.

^‹908› Herodotus, 5.97.

^‹909› Ibid., 5.96.

^‹910› Ibid., 5.99.

^‹911› Buckley, pp. 161–162.

^‹912› H. T. Wallinga, «The Ancient Persian Navy and its Predecessors», in Achaemenid History I: Sources, Structures, and Synthesis, ed. Heleen Sancisi-Weerdenburg (1987), p. 69.

^‹913› Herodotus, 5.102.

^‹914› Herodotus, 5.103.

^‹915› H. T. Wallinga, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, p. 69.

^‹916› Herodotus, 6.17.

^‹917› Herodotus, 6.19.

^‹918› Herodotus, 6.112.

^‹919› John Curtis, Ancient Persia (1990), p. 41.

^‹920› Garthwaite, p. 36; Briant, p. 547.

^‹921› H. T. Wallinga, in Sancisi- Weerdenburg, p. 43; Shaw, p. 384.

^‹922› M. Jameson, in Peter Green, Xerxes ofSalamis (Praeger, 1970), p. 98, quoted in Pomeroy et al., p. 194.

^‹923› Pomeroy et al., p. 195.

^‹924› Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 9, in Plutarch's Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

^‹925› Aeschylus, The Complete Plays, pp. 139–140.

^‹926› Ibid., p. 140.

^‹927› Ibid., p. 142.

^‹928› Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 16, in Plutarch's Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

^‹929› Herodotus, 9.84.

^‹930› H. T. Wallinga, in Sancisi-Weerdenburg, p. 74.

^‹931› Aeschylus, Persians (1981), pp. 67–68.

^‹932› Herodotus, 9.106.

^‹933› Waterfield, p. 72.

^‹934› Thucydides. 1.90.2.

^‹935› Ibid., 1.93.2.

^‹936› Ibid., 1.133–134.

^‹937› Plutarch, Themistocles, sees. 19–21, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

^‹938› Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 22, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

^‹939› Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 29, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

^‹940› Thucydides, 1.138.4; Plutarch, Themistocles, sec. 31, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 1, The Dryden Translation.

^‹941› Esther 2:12–16.

^‹942› Herodotus, 9.585.

^‹943› Brosius, p. 54.

^‹944› Diodorus Siculus, 11.69.2–6.

^‹945› J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 127.

^‹946› Thucydides, 1.103.2.

^‹947› Ibid., 1.99.4.

^‹948› Ibid., 1.99.1–2.

^‹949› Pericles 13, Plutarch, in Greek Lives, p. 156.

^‹950› Thucydides, 1.108.4.

^‹951› Pomeroy et al., p. 251.

^‹952› Thucydides, 1.45.3.

^‹953› Ibid., 1.50.2.

^‹954› Ibid., 2.7.1.

^‹955› Ibid., 2.43.1.

^‹956› Ibid., 2.49.2–8.

^‹957› Thucydides, 2.4.

^‹958› Thucydides, 2.52.2–3.

^‹959› J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 129.

^‹960› Alcibiades 1–3, in Plutarch, Greek Lives.

^‹961› Pomeroy et al., p. 306.

^‹962› Buckley, p. 388.

^‹963› Pomeroy et al., p. 309.

^‹964› Thucydides, 7.51.1.

^‹965› Ibid., 7.84.2–5,85.1.

^‹966› Aristophanes, Lysistrata (1912), p. 1.

^‹967› Alcibiades 24, in Plutarch, Greek Lives.

^‹968› Thucydides, 8.78.

^‹969› Alcibiades 35, in Plutarch, Greek Lives.

^‹970› Alcibiades 37, in Plutarch, Greek Lives.

^‹971› Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.2.10, translated by Peter Krentz.

^‹972› Waterfield, p. 209; Xenophon, Hellenica, 2.2.23; Victor Davis Hanson, in Thucydides, p. 549.

^‹973› Waterfield, p. 210.

^‹974› Athenian Constitution, in Rackham, Aristotle in 23 Volumes, vol. 20, p. 35.

^‹975› Livy, Early History of Rome, 2.21.

^‹976› Ibid., 2.24.

^‹977› Mackay, p. 34.

^‹978› Livy, Early History of Rome, 2.23.

^‹979› Ibid., 2.32.

^‹980› Ibid., 2.32.

^‹981› Ibid., 3.35.

^‹982› Ibid., 3-333.

^‹983› Частично основано на: Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources, vol. 3: 7Tie Roman World (1901), pp. 9–11.

^‹984› Livy, Eariy History of Rome, 5.21.

^‹985› Ibid., 5.32.

^‹986› Ibid., 5.36.

^‹987› Ibid., 5.38.

^‹988› Ibid., 5.41.

^‹989› Ibid., 5.47.

^‹990› Cunliffe, pp. 21–22.

^‹991› Livy, Early History of Rome, 5.55.

^‹992› Ch’ien, p. 79.

^‹993› Fairbank and Goldman, p. 54.

^‹994› J. J. L. Duyvendak, trans., in his introduction to The Book of Lord Shang.A Classic of the Chinese School of Law (1928), p. 1.

^‹995› Ch’ien, p. 108.

^‹996› Cotterell, China, p. 53.

^‹997› Shih chi 68, translated in Duyvendak, p. 14.

^‹998› Ibid., p. 15.

^‹999› Ibid., p. 16.

^‹1000› Shih chi 68, translated in Cotterell, China, p. 55.

^‹1001› Shu-Ching Lee, «Agrarianism and Social Upheaval in China», American Journal of Sociology 56:6 (1951), p. 513.

^‹1002› The Book of Lord Shang, translated by Duyvendak, p. 180.

^‹1003› Shih chi 68, in Duyvendak, p. 16.

^‹1004› Shih chi 68, in Cotterell, China, p. 57.

^‹1005› Shih chi 69, in Duyvendak, pp. 16–17.

^‹1006› Ibid., p. 17.

^‹1007› Ch’ien, p. 79.

^‹1008› Franz Michael, China Through the Ages: History of a Civilization (1986), p. 48.

^‹1009› Mencius, I.A.7.

^‹1010› Fairbank and Goldman, pp. 53–54.

^‹1011› Quoted in Michael, pp. 49–50.

^‹1012› «Giving Away a Throne», in The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu, translated by Burton Watson (1968), n.p.

^‹1013› «Discussion on Making All Things Equal», in Watson, The Complete Works ofChuang Tzu.

^‹1014› Pomeroy et al., pp. 327–328.

^‹1015› Scene 1, in Aristophanes, The Birds and Other Plays, translated by David Barrett and Alan H. Sommerstein (2003), p. 221.

^‹1016› Scene 3, Ibid., p. 257.

^‹1017› J. M. Cook, Persian Empire, p. 212.

^‹1018› Plutarch, Artaxerxes, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation.

^‹1019› Xenophon, The Persian Expedition (also known as Anabasis) 1.1, translated by Rex Warner (1972), p. 56.

^‹1020› Эти подробности о Ктесии использованы Диодором Сицилийским, см. введение Джорджа Коквелла (George Cawkwell) к уорнеровскому переводу Ксенофонта: Xenophon, The Persian Expedition, p. 40.

^‹1021› Plutarch, Artaxerxes, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, p. 646.

^‹1022› Xenophon, The Persian Expedition, 1.4.

^‹1023› Ibid., pp. 86–87.

^‹1024› Ibid., 4.5.

^‹1025› Ibid., 4.7.

^‹1026› Plutarch, Artaxerxes, in Plutarch’s Lives, vol. 2, The Dryden Translation, p. 658.

^‹1027› Clayton, pp. 201–202.