Власть, влияние и политика в организациях Пфеффер Джеффри

Ibid., 464–465.

Hickson et al, «A Strategic Contingencies’ Th eory»; C.R. Minings et al., «Structural Conditions of Intraorganizational Power», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 216–229.

Глава 9

John P. Kotter, Th e General Managers (New York: Free Press, 1982).

Hedrick Smith, Th e Power Game: How Washington Works (New York: Ballantine, 1988), 61–62.

Robert Caro, Th e Path to Power: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1982), 218.

Ibid., 226.

Ibid., 235.

Robert Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 227.

Sally Bedell Smith, In All His Glory: Th e Life of William S. Paley (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 394.

John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1990), 48.

Robert Caro, Means of Ascent: Th e Years of Lyndon Johnson (New York:

Alfred A. Knopf, 1990).

Caro, Th e Path to Power.

Caro, Th e Power Broker, 229.

Kotter, Th e General Managers.

Smith, In All His Glory, 395.

John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 20.

Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988), 50.

Ibid., 131–132.

Gardner, On Leadership, 1.

Jeanne M. Brett, Stephen B. Goldberg, and William L. Ury, «Designing Systems for Resolving Disputesin Organizations», American Psychologist 45 (1990): 162–170; Roger Fisher and William Ury, Getting to Yes: Negotiating Agreements Without Giving In (Boston: Houghton Miffl in, 1981).

Max H. Bazerman and Margaret A. Neale, «Heuristics in Negotiation: Limitations to Dispute Resolution Eff ectiveness», Negotiating in Organizations, eds. M.H. Bazerman and R.J. Lewicki (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1983).

51–67.

Gardner, On Leadership, 50–51.

Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power, 12.

Paul Clancy and Shirley Elder, TIP: A Biography of Th omas P. O’NeillSpeaker of the House (New York: Macmillan, 1980), 4.

Smith, In All His Glory, 391.

Ibid.

Ibid., 404.

Caro, «My Search for Coke Stevenson», Th e New York Times Book Review (February 3, 1991), 28.

Gardner, On Leadership, 53.

Aaron Bernstein, Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destruction of Eastern Airlines (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 167.

Richard Christie and Florence L. Geis, Studies in Machiavellianism (New York: Academic Press, 1970), 312.

Gerald R. Salancik and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Who Gets Power — and How Th ey Hold on to It: A Strategic-Contingency Model of Power», Organizational Dynamics 5 (1977): 3–21.

James D. Th ompson and Arthur Tuden, «Strategies, Structures and Processes of Organizational Decision», Comparative Studies in Administration, eds. J.D. Th ompson et al. (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1959), 195–216.

Robert L. Khan et al., Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Confl ictand Ambiguity (New York: John Wiley, 1964).

Th omas C. Schelling, Th e Strategy of Confl ict (New York: Oxford University Press, 1963), 13.

Hedrick Smith, Th e Power Game: How Washington Works (New York: Ballantine, 1988), 61.

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 30.

Caro, Th e Power Broker, 448.

Ibid., 449 38. Ibid., 448.

Bryan Burrough and John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate: Th e Fall of RJR Nabisco (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 19.

Ibid., 21.

Ibid., 34.

Ken Auletta, «Power, Greed and Glory on Wall Street: Th e Fall of Lehman Brothers», Th e New York Times Magazine (February 17, 1985).

Ibid., 36.

Smith, In All His Glory, 408.

Laton McCartney, Friends in High Places: Th e Bechtel Story (New York:

Simon and Schuster, 1988), 170.

Ibid.

Ibid., 172.

Ibid., 179.

Ibid.

Ibid., 180.

Глава 10

Robert B. Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 2d ed. (Glenview, IL:

Scott, Foresman, 1988).

Ibid.

Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988).

Gerald R. Salancik, «Commitment and Control of Organizational Behavior and Belief», New Directions in Organizational Behavior, eds. Barry M.

Staw and Gerald R. Salancik (Chicago: St. Clair Press, 1977).

Daryl J. Bern, «Self-Perception Th eory», Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. Leonard Berkowitz, vol. 6 (New York: Academic Press, 1972), 1–62.

E. Aronson and J. Mills, «Th e Eff ect of Severity of Initiation on Liking for a Group», Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 59 (1959): 177.

John W. Gardner, On Leadership (New York: Free Press, 1990).

Barry M. Staw and Jerry Ross, «Commitment in an Experimenting Society: An Experiment on the Attribution of Leadership from Administrative Scenarios», Journal of Applied Psychology 65 (1980):249–260.

Steven Bach, Final Cut: Dreams and Disaster in the Making of Heaven’s Gate (New York: William Morrow, 1985), 181.

Ibid., 187. 11. Ibid., 189.

Ibid., 191.

Ibid., 192.

Ibid., 196.

Tracy Kidder, Soul of a New Machine (Boston: Atlantic-Little, Brown, 1981), 65–66.

Christopher Matthews, Hardball: How Politics Is Played — Told By One Who Knows Th e Game (New York: Summit Books, 1988), 60.

Ibid., 62–63.

Aaron Bernstein, Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destruction of Eastern Airlines (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 133.

Ibid., 134.

Ibid., 136.

Ibid., 137.

Jack W. Brehm, A Th eory of Psychological Reactance (New York: Academic Press, 1966).

Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 232.

Ibid.

Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 78.

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 78.

Ibid., 410.

Ibid., 245.

Глава 11

Leon Festinger, «A Th eory of Social Comparison Processes», Human Relations 7 (1954): 117–140.

Ellen Berscheid and Elaine Hatfi eld Walster, Interpersonal Attraction (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1969); D. Byrne, «Attitudes and Attraction», Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. Leonard Berkowitz, vol. 4 (New York: Academic Press, 1969), 35–89.

Robert B. Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, zd ed. (Glenview IL:

Scott, Foresman, 1988), 112.

Ibid., 123.

Bibb Latane and John M. Darley, Group Inhibition of Bystander Intervention in Emergencies, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 10 (1968): 215–221.

Joseph B. White and Gregory A. Patterson, «GM Begins Quest to Win Back Consumer Confi dence», Th e Wall Street Journal (May 4, 1990): B1

Robert P. Gandossy, Bad Business: Th e OPM Scandal and the Seduction of the Establishment (New York: Basic Books, 1985), 11.

lbid., 12–13.

Steven Bach, Final Cut: Dreams and Disaster in the Making of Heaven’s Gate (New York: William Morrow, 1985).

Ibid., 76–77.

Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986).

Seymour M. Hersh, Th e Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House (New York: Summit Books, 1983).

Ibid., 24.

Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 157.

Frank Rose, West of Eden: Th e End of Innocence at Apple Computer (New York: Viking Penguin, 1989), 274.

Ibid., 276.

Jerry Ross and Kenneth R. Ferris, «Interpersonal Attraction and Organizational Outcomes: A Field Examination», Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 617–632.

M.G. Efran and E.WJ. Patterson, «Th e Politics of Appearance», University of Toronto, 1976.

Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 162. Cialdini also cites P.L. Benson, S.A. Karabenic, and R.M. Lerner, «Pretty Pleases: Th e Eff ects of Physical Attractiveness on Race, Sex, and Receiving Help», Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 12 (1976): 409–415; and S. Chaiken, Communicator Physical Attractiveness and Persuasion, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 37 (1979): 1387–1397.

Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice.

Bryan Burrough and John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate: Th e Fall of RJR Nabisco (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 69.

CamiIle B. Wortman and Joan A. Linsenmeier, “Interpersonal Attraction and Techniques of Ingratiation in Organizational Settings, New Directions in Organizational Behavior, eds. Barry M. Staw and Gerald R. Salancik (Chicago: St. Clair Press, 1977), 133–178.

Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 454.

Ibid., 455.

Ibid., 457.

Ibid., 458.

Gandossy, Bad Business, 19.

Ibid., 26.

Laton McCartney, Friends in High Places: Th e Bechtel Story (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988), 156.

Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 81.

Ibid., 82–83.

Ibid., 84.

M Sherif et al., Intergroup Confl ict and Cooperation: Th e Robbers’ Cave Experiment (Norman: University of Oklahoma Institute of Intergroup Relations, 1961).

Cialdini, Infl uence: Science and Practice, 171.

Ibid., 172.

Fritz Heider, Th e Psychology of Interpersonal Relations (New York: John Wiley, 1958).

Arlie Hochschild, Th e Managed Heart (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).

Ibid., 96–97.

Anat Rafaeli and Robert I. Sutton, «Th e Expression of Emotion in Organizational Life», Research in Organizational Behavior, ed. Barry M. Staw, vol. 11 (Greenwich, CT; JAI Press, 1989), 15–16.

Robert I. Sutton and Anat Rafaeli, «Untangling the Relationship Between Displayed Emotions and Organizational Sales: Th e Case of Convenience Stores», Academy of Management Journal 31 (1988):465.

Anat Rafaeli and Robert I. Sutton, «Expression of Emotion as Part of the Work Role», Academy of Management Review 12 (1987): 23–37.

R.O. Arther and R.R. Caputo, Interrogation for Investigators (New York: William C. Copp and Associates, 1959), 75–76.

K.L. Tidd and J.S. Lockard, «Monetary Signifi cance of the Affi liative Smile», Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 11 (1978): 344–346.

Robert I. Sutton, «Maintaining Organizational Norms About Expressed Emotions: Th e Case of Bill Collectors», Administrative Science Quarterly 36(1991): 245–268.

Anat Rafaeli and Robert I. Sutton, «Emotional Contrast Strategies as Means of Social Infl uence: Lessons from Criminal Interrogators and Bill Collectors», Academy of Management Journal (in press).

Rafaeli and Sutton, «Expression of Emotion», 31.

Глава 12

Th omas C. Schelling, Th e Strategy of Confl ict (New York: Oxford University Press, 1963).

Peter W. Bernstein, «Upheaval at Bendix», Fortune (November 1, 1980):

48–56.

Ibid., 52–53.

Hugh D. Menzies, «Th e Boardroom Battle at Bendix», Fortune (January 11, 1982): 56.

Ibid., 60. 6. Ibid., 62.

Ibid.

Horwitch, «Managing the U.S. Supersonic Transport Program (A)», 678–949. Boston: Harvard Business School, 1977.

Robert A. Caro, Th e Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York (New York: Random House, 1974), 203.

Aaron Bernstein, Grounded: Frank Lorenzo and the Destruction of Eastern Airlines (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 84–85.

Barry Schwartz, «Waiting, Exchange, and Power: Th e Distribution of Time in Social Systems», American Journal of Sociology 79 (1974): 843–844.

Ibid., 844.

Ibid., 857.

Ibid., 859.

Bryan Burrough and John Helyar, Barbarians at the Gate: Th e Fall of RJR Nabisco (New York: Harper and Row, 1990), 24.

Chicago Daily News (December 27, 1972): 4.

Seymour M. Hersh, Th e Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House (New York: Summit Books, 1983), 44.

Journal of the House, Alabama State Legislature (1977): 2698.

Bernstein, Grounded, 42.

Gerald R. Salancik, «Commitment and the Control of Organizational Behavior and Belief», New Directions in Organizational Behavior, eds. Barry M. Staw and Gerald R. Salancik (Chicago: St. Clair Press, 1977), 1–54.

Peter Bachrach and Morton S. Baratz, «Two Faces of Power», American Political Science Review 56 (1962): 947–952.

Neil Fligstein, «Th e Intraorganizational Power Struggle: Rise of Finance Personnel to Top Leadership in Large Corporations, 1919–1979», American Sociological Review 52 (1987): 44–58.

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 435–436.

Ibid., 437.

Глава 13

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 285.

Ibid., 53.

John W. Meyer and Brian Rowan, «Institutional Organizations: Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony», American Journal of Sociology 83 (1977) 340–363; Meyer and W. Richard Scott, Organizational Environments: Ritual and Rationality (Beverly Hills. CA: Sage, 1983).

Martha S. Feldman and James G. March, «Information in Organizations as Signal and Symbol», Administrative Science Quarterly 26 (1981): 171–186.

Fred A. Kramer, «Policy Analysis as Ideology», Public Administrative Review 35 (1975): 509.

Richard M. Cyert, Herbert A. Simon, and Donald B. Trow, «Observation of a Business Decision», Journal of Business 29 (1956): 237–248.

Donald Frey, «Th e Teenies’ Challenge to the Bean Counters», Th e Street Journal (July 16, 1990): A12.

Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 216.

Ibid., 105.

Mark Stevens, Sudden Death: Th e Rise and Fall of E.F. Hutton (New York: Penguin, 1989), 277.

Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest, 304–305.

Ibid., 562–563.

K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander, Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Th en Ignored, the First Personal Computer (New York: William Morrow, 1988).

Ibid., 134.

Ibid., 218.

H Th omas Johnson and Robert S, Kaplan, Relevance Lost: Th e Rise and Fall of Management Accounting (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1987).

Christopher Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive (New York: W.W. Norton, 1986), 56–57.

Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, Th e External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (New York: Harper and Row, 1978).

Gerald R. Salancik and Jeff rey Pfeff er, «Th e Bases and Use of Power in Organizational Decision Making: Th e Case of a University», Administrative Science Quarterly 19 (1974): 462–463.

Rosabeth M. Kanter, Men and Women of the Corporation (New York: Basic Books, 1977).

David Halberstam, Th e Reckoning (New York: William Morrow, 1986); Max Holland, When the Machine Stopped (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1989).

Jeff rey Pfeff er and Gerald R. Salancik, «Administrator Eff ectiveness: Th e Eff ects of Advocacy and Information on Resource Allocations», Human Relations 30 (1977): 641–656.

N. Dixon, On the Psychology of Military Incompetence (New York: BasicBooks, 1976), 147.

Smith and Alexander, Fumbling the Future.

Meyer and Rowan, «Institutional Organizations».

Smith and Alexander, Fumbling the Future, 190.

Byron, Th e Fanciest Dive, 274–275.

Ibid., 277.

Глава 14

Maryann Keller, Rude Awakening: Th e Rise, Fall, and Struggle for Recovery of General Motors (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 50.

John M. Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power (New York: Viking, 1989), 67.

Ibid., 99.

David Halberstam, Th e Best and the Brightest (New York: Random House, 1972), 105.

Barry, Th e Ambition and the Power, 78.

Ibid., 81. 7. Ibid., 82.

Ibid., 83.

Ibid.

Philip Selznick, TV A and the Grass Roots (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1949).

Seymour M. Hersh, Th e Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House (New York: Summit Books, 1983), 29.

Henry Kissinger, Th e White House Years (Boston: Little, Brown, 1979), 42.

Hersh, Th e Price of Power, 35.